INSIGHT REVIEW NATURE Vol 447 24 May 2007 ming may provide a mechanism 61. Whitelaw, N C. whitelaw, E. How lifetimes shape epigenotype within and across of ES cell marker genes in male germline stem cells. BMC Dev Biol. [online]6, 34 (2006) epigenetically sensitive allele in mice. PloS Oswald, J et al. Active demethylation of the paternal genome in the mouse zygote. Curr 63. Bean, C., Schaner, C.E.& Kelly, W.G. Meiotic pairing and imprinted Chromatin assembly in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature Genet 36, 100-105(2004). ., Fundele, R. Haaf, T Demethylation of the zygotic 64. Namekawa, S H et al. Postmeiotic sex chromatin in the male germline of mice. Curr Biol. aternal genome. Nature 403, 501-502 (2000) 6,660-667(2006) 52. Dean, w.et al. Conservation of tion reprogramming in mammalian development: 65. Rossant, J. Lineage development and polar asymmetries in the peri-implantation mouse errant reprogramming in cloned embryos. Proc Natl Acad Sc USA 98, 13734-13738 blastocyst. Semin. 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Gadd45a promotes epigenetic gene activation by repair-mediated dNA methylation Nature 445, 671-675(2007) Author Information Reprints and pe ble at he zygote. Nature Genet. 27, 255-256nig mechanisms: the battle of the sexes begins in npg. nature. com/reprintsandpermissions The author declares competing 59. Reik, nancialinterestsdetailsaccompanythepaperatwww.nature.com/nature. 60. Smith, A G Embryo-derived stem cells: of mice and men. Annu Rev. Cell Dev Biol. 17, Correspondence should be addressed to the author 435462(2002) (wolf reik@bbsrc. ac uk) 32 2007 Nature Publishing Group48. Lane, N. et al. Resistance of IAPs to methylation reprogramming may provide a mechanism for epigenetic inheritance in the mouse. Genesis 35, 88–93 (2003). 49. Imamura, M. et al. Transcriptional repression and DNA hypermethylation of a small set of ES cell marker genes in male germline stem cells. BMC Dev. Biol. [online] 6, 34 (2006) (doi:10.1186/1471-213X-6-34). 50. Oswald, J. et al. 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DEMETER DNA glycosylase establishes MEDEA Polycomb gene self￾imprinting by allele-specific demethylation. Cell124, 495–506 (2006). 57. Morales-Ruiz, T. et al.DEMETER and REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1 encode 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylases. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 6853–6858 (2006). 58. Barreto, G. et al. Gadd45a promotes epigenetic gene activation by repair-mediated DNA demethylation. Nature 445, 671–675 (2007). 59. Reik, W. & Walter, J. Evolution of imprinting mechanisms: the battle of the sexes begins in the zygote. Nature Genet. 27, 255–256 (2001). 60. Smith, A. G. Embryo-derived stem cells: of mice and men. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 17, 435–462 (2002). 61. Whitelaw, N. C. & Whitelaw, E. How lifetimes shape epigenotype within and across generations. Hum. Mol. Genet. 15, R131–R137 (2006). 62. Blewitt, M. E., Vickaryous, N. K., Paldi, A., Koseki, H. & Whitelaw, E. Dynamic reprogramming of DNA methylation at an epigenetically sensitive allele in mice. PLoS Genet. [online] 2, e49 (2006) (doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020049). 63. Bean, C. J., Schaner, C. E. & Kelly, W. G. Meiotic pairing and imprinted X chromatin assembly in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature Genet. 36, 100–105 (2004). 64. Namekawa, S. H. et al. Postmeiotic sex chromatin in the male germline of mice. Curr. Biol. 16, 660–667 (2006). 65. Rossant, J. Lineage development and polar asymmetries in the peri-implantation mouse blastocyst. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 15, 573–581 (2004). 66. Torres-Padilla, M.E., Parfitt, D.E., Kouzarides, T. & Zernicka-Goetz, M. Histone arginine methylation regulates pluripotency in the early mouse embryo. Nature 445, 214–218 (2007). 67. Yang, X. et al. Nuclear reprogramming of cloned embryos and its implications for therapeutic cloning. Nature Genet. 39, 295–302 (2007). Acknowledgements I thank all my colleagues, past and present, for their contributions to the work and ideas described in this paper, especially W. Dean, F. Santos, A. Lewis, and G. Smits. Funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the Medical Research Council, the European Union Epigenome Network of Excellence, CellCentric and the Department of Trade & Industry is gratefully acknowledged. Author Information Reprints and permissions information is available at npg.nature.com/reprintsandpermissions. The author declares competing financial interests: details accompany the paper at www.nature.com/nature. Correspondence should be addressed to the author (wolf.reik@bbsrc.ac.uk). 432 INSIGHT REVIEW NATURE|Vol 447|24 May 2007 ￾
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