(4)General principles common to the major legal systems, even if not incorporated or reflected customary law or international agreement, may be invoked as supplementary rules of international law where appropriate S 103 Evidence of International Law (1)Whether a rule has become international law is determined by evidence appropriate to the particular source from which that rule is alleged to derive($ 102) (2)In determining whether a rule has become international law, substantial weight is accorded to (a)judgments and opinions of international judicial and arbitral tribunals; (b) judgments and opinions of national judicial tribunals; (c)the writings of scholars (d) pronouncements by states that undertake to state a rule of international law, when such pronouncements are not seriously challenged by other states Since the adoption of the ICJ statute in 1946, the post World War Il growth of a wide variety of Inter-Governmental Organizations(IGOs) has injected the work product of these IGOs into the mix as well How International Law Norms and Principles are Created The IC statute shows that International Law does not have an easily identifiable "law-giver Under these circumstances, how do we find out if something is a rule in international law? What is it we are looking for? The ways norms are identified as international law include agreements negotiated by the affected parties, deference to a third-party decision-maker, academic persuasion and consensus, and custom(state practice and the opinion that the practice is dictated It is important to remember that there are two allied meanings of the word"source". One sense is related to the origins of the relevant, substantive norms and principles. The other sense is grounded in identifying the actual texts involved in the process Agreements Negotiated by the Affected Parties Treaties Enactments by bodies established by treaties Resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly Directives of the European Union Commission Similar enactments by regional or subject-specific organizations Resolution of a dispute through mediation Deference to a Third Party Decision-Maker(4) General principles common to the major legal systems, even if not incorporated or reflected in customary law or international agreement, may be invoked as supplementary rules of international law where appropriate. § 103 Evidence of International Law (1) Whether a rule has become international law is determined by evidence appropriate to the particular source from which that rule is alleged to derive (§ 102). (2) In determining whether a rule has become international law, substantial weight is accorded to (a) judgments and opinions of international judicial and arbitral tribunals; (b) judgments and opinions of national judicial tribunals; (c) the writings of scholars; (d) pronouncements by states that undertake to state a rule of international law, when such pronouncements are not seriously challenged by other states. Since the adoption of the ICJ statute in 1946, the post World War II growth of a wide variety of Inter-Governmental Organizations (IGOs) has injected the work product of these IGOs into the mix as well. How International Law Norms and Principles are Created The ICJ statute shows that International Law does not have an easily identifiable ‘law-giver". Under these circumstances, how do we find out if something is a rule in international law? What is it we are looking for? The ways norms are identified as international law include agreements negotiated by the affected parties , deference to a third-party decision-maker , academic persuasion and consensus , and custom (state practice and the opinion that the practice is dictated by a legal obligation). It is important to remember that there are two allied meanings of the word "source". One sense is related to the origins of the relevant, substantive norms and principles. The other sense is grounded in identifying the actual texts involved in the process. Agreements Negotiated by the Affected Parties Treaties Enactments by bodies established by treaties Resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly Directives of the European Union Commission Similar enactments by regional or subject-specific organizations Resolution of a dispute through mediation Deference to a Third Party Decision-Maker Case Law