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吕东亚等:盐酸法富集低品位锰矿及酸介质高值再生工艺 585. 褐铁矿、高岭石等,且较易实现软锰矿与方解石的 36(2):1 分离.原矿经粗碎-洗矿后以2mm筛孔的筛子过 (王帅,戴婷,钟宏.锰资源利用技术研究进展.中国锰业,2018 筛,筛下矿的锰质量分数从原矿的20.00%富集到 36(2):1) [7]Xie DD,Tong X,Zhang HH,et al.Research development and 33.32%,产率为61.8%,锰回收率为83.4%,锰矿得 beneficiation technology of ferro-Mn ore.China Manganese Ind, 到初步富集,筛下锰中矿可用于盐酸浸出 2016,34(2):4 (2)锰中矿的盐酸直接浸出最佳工艺条件为: (谢丹丹,童雄,张洪花,等.铁锰矿的选矿工艺及其研究进展 反应pH为3,反应时间为1.5h,搅拌转速为 中国锰业,2016,34(2):4) 200rmin,反应液固比为4:1mLg.在此条件 [8]Liu H.He J,Liu J X,et al.Discussion on two beneficiation 下产出的锰精矿品位为54.50%,钙质量分数为 processes of a soft manganese ore.Mod Min,2015(10):80 0.57%.盐酸可在常温常压下由浸出液与硫酸溶液 (刘华,何剑,刘建祥,等.某软锰矿石两种选矿工艺流程探讨 反应再生,产出的二水硫酸钙晶须结晶度好,呈棒 现代矿业,2015(10):80) [9] 状或针状,长径比可达50以上.再生盐酸浸出锰 Muriana R A.Responses of Ka'oje metallurgical manganese ore to gravity concentration techniques.Int J Sci Eng Technol,2015. 中矿产出的锰精矿品位为52.16%,钙质量分数为 4(7):392 1.39%,少量溶解于再生盐酸中的硫酸钙在浸出时 [10]Chen Z,Liu X M,Cao J,et al.Beneficiation experiment on a low 由于酸度降低而析出,导致锰精矿钙含量略高.产 grade manganese oxide ore.Mod Min,2015(2):51 出的锰精矿主要组成为软锰矿,杂质矿物含量较 (陈铮,刘夏明,曹健,等.某低品位氧化锰矿选矿试验.现代矿 少,主要为褐铁矿和高岭石等,可直接作为高品位 业,2015(2):51) 锰精矿(M>49%)出售.酸介质循环再生,杂质镁 [11]Tripathy S K,Banerjee P K,Suresh N.Effect of desliming on the 铝铁将逐渐积累,当Mg2*质量浓度积累到96.74gL magnetic separation of low-grade ferruginous manganese ore.In Miner Metall Mater,2015,22(7):661 时进行除杂,此时酸介质的循环次数约为480次, [12]Zhou F,Chen T,Yan C J,et al.The flotation of low-grade 除杂采用水解沉淀法,加入CaO调节pH值分步沉 manganese ore using a novel linoleate hydroxamic acid.Colloids 淀除去杂质离子 Sw时A,2015,466:1 [13]He Z C,Peng A G,Zheng X F,et al.A study on the two-ores 参考文献 method of leaching low grade pyrolusite.China Manganese Ind, [1]Lei X L,Hu Y D,Du Y L,et al.Thinking of status and 2004,22(2):38 development of the manganese ore resource utilization.China Min (贺周初,彭爱国,郑贤福,等.两矿法浸出低品位软锰矿的工艺 Mag,2015,24 Suppl1):19 研究.中国锰业,2004,22(2):38) (雷晓力,胡永达,杜轶伦,等.锰矿资源现状及开发利用思考 [14]PengR H,LiX X.Preparation of high-purity manganese dioxide 中国矿业,2015,24增刊1上19) by leaching manganese ore with ferrous sulfate from by-product of [2]Luo N.Selective Flotation beteen Rhodochrosite and Calcite titanium white.Inorg Chem Ind,2006,38(12):48 [Dissertation].Changsha:Central South University,2012 (彭荣华,李晓湘.用钛白副产的硫酸亚铁浸锰制备高纯二氧化 (罗娜.菱锰矿与方解石浮选分离研究学位论文],长沙:中南大 锰.无机盐工业,2006,38(12):48) 学,2012) [15]Mehta K D,Das C,Pandey B D.Leaching of copper,nickel and [3]Tan ZZ,Mei GG,Li W J,et al.Manganese Metallurgy cobalt from Indian Ocean manganese nodules by Aspergillus niger. Changsha:Central South University Press,2007 lydrome1 allurg,2010,105(1-2):89 (谭柱中,梅光贵,李维健、等.锰冶金学.长沙:中南大学出版社, [16]Ma B Z,Xing P,Wang C Y,et al.A novel way to synthesize 2007) calcium sulfate whiskers with high aspect ratios from concentrated [4]Li G L.Status quo of manganese ore in China.China Manganese calcium nitrate solution.Mater Lett,2018,219:1 lmd2018.36(3):5 [17]Sun H J,Tan D Y,Peng T J,et al.Preparation of calcium sulfate (黎贵亮.中国锰矿山现状.中国锰业,2018,36(3):5) whisker by atmospheric acidification method from flue gas [5]Huang K,Zhang Y H,Li G L,et al.Research situation of desulfurization gypsum.Procedia Environ Sci,2016,31:621 manganese resources and chemical processing of manganese ore. [18]Liu C,Zhao Q,Wang Y,et al.Hydrothermal synthesis of calcium Hydrometall China,2013,32(4):207 sulfate whisker from flue gas desulfurization gypsum.ChinJ (黄琨,张亚辉,黎贵亮,等,锰矿资源及化学选矿研究现状.湿 Chem Eng,2016,24(11):1552 法冶金,2013,32(4):207) [19]Xia YY.Handbook of Chemical Laboratory.3rd Ed.Beijing: [6]Wang S,Dai T,Zhong H.A research progress on manganese Chemical Industry Press,2015 resource in utilization technologies.China Manganese Ind,2018, (夏玉字.化学实验室手册.3版.北京:化学工业出版社,2015)褐铁矿、高岭石等,且较易实现软锰矿与方解石的 分离. 原矿经粗碎−洗矿后以 2 mm 筛孔的筛子过 筛,筛下矿的锰质量分数从原矿的 20.00% 富集到 33.32%,产率为 61.8%,锰回收率为 83.4%,锰矿得 到初步富集,筛下锰中矿可用于盐酸浸出. (2)锰中矿的盐酸直接浸出最佳工艺条件为: 反 应 pH 为 3, 反 应 时 间 为 1.5 h, 搅 拌 转 速 为 200 r·min−1,反应液固比为 4∶1 mL·g−1 . 在此条件 下产出的锰精矿品位为 54.50%,钙质量分数为 0.57%. 盐酸可在常温常压下由浸出液与硫酸溶液 反应再生,产出的二水硫酸钙晶须结晶度好,呈棒 状或针状,长径比可达 50 以上. 再生盐酸浸出锰 中矿产出的锰精矿品位为 52.16%,钙质量分数为 1.39%,少量溶解于再生盐酸中的硫酸钙在浸出时 由于酸度降低而析出,导致锰精矿钙含量略高. 产 出的锰精矿主要组成为软锰矿,杂质矿物含量较 少,主要为褐铁矿和高岭石等,可直接作为高品位 锰精矿(Mn>49%)出售. 酸介质循环再生,杂质镁 铝铁将逐渐积累,当 Mg2+质量浓度积累到 96.74 g·L−1 时进行除杂,此时酸介质的循环次数约为 480 次. 除杂采用水解沉淀法,加入 CaO 调节 pH 值分步沉 淀除去杂质离子. 参    考    文    献 Lei X L, Hu Y D, Du Y L, et al. Thinking of status and development of the manganese ore resource utilization. China Min Mag, 2015, 24(Suppl 1): 19 (雷晓力, 胡永达, 杜轶伦, 等. 锰矿资源现状及开发利用思考. 中国矿业, 2015, 24(增刊1): 19) [1] Luo N. Selective Flotation between Rhodochrosite and Calcite [Dissertation]. Changsha: Central South University, 2012 (罗娜. 菱锰矿与方解石浮选分离研究[学位论文]. 长沙: 中南大 学, 2012) [2] Tan Z Z, Mei G G, Li W J, et al. Manganese Metallurgy. Changsha: Central South University Press, 2007 (谭柱中, 梅光贵, 李维健, 等. 锰冶金学. 长沙: 中南大学出版社, 2007) [3] Li G L. Status quo of manganese ore in China. China Manganese Ind, 2018, 36(3): 5 (黎贵亮. 中国锰矿山现状. 中国锰业, 2018, 36(3):5) [4] Huang K, Zhang Y H, Li G L, et al. Research situation of manganese resources and chemical processing of manganese ore. Hydrometall China, 2013, 32(4): 207 (黄琨, 张亚辉, 黎贵亮, 等. 锰矿资源及化学选矿研究现状. 湿 法冶金, 2013, 32(4):207) [5] Wang S, Dai T, Zhong H. A research progress on manganese resource in utilization technologies. China Manganese Ind, 2018, [6] 36(2): 1 (王帅, 戴婷, 钟宏. 锰资源利用技术研究进展. 中国锰业, 2018, 36(2):1) Xie D D, Tong X, Zhang H H, et al. Research development and beneficiation technology of ferro-Mn ore. China Manganese Ind, 2016, 34(2): 4 (谢丹丹, 童雄, 张洪花, 等. 铁锰矿的选矿工艺及其研究进展. 中国锰业, 2016, 34(2):4) [7] Liu H, He J, Liu J X, et al. Discussion on two beneficiation processes of a soft manganese ore. Mod Min, 2015(10): 80 (刘华, 何剑, 刘建祥, 等. 某软锰矿石两种选矿工艺流程探讨. 现代矿业, 2015(10):80) [8] Muriana R A. Responses of Ka’oje metallurgical manganese ore to gravity concentration techniques. Int J Sci Eng Technol, 2015, 4(7): 392 [9] Chen Z, Liu X M, Cao J, et al. Beneficiation experiment on a low grade manganese oxide ore. Mod Min, 2015(2): 51 (陈铮, 刘夏明, 曹健, 等. 某低品位氧化锰矿选矿试验. 现代矿 业, 2015(2):51) [10] Tripathy S K, Banerjee P K, Suresh N. Effect of desliming on the magnetic separation of low-grade ferruginous manganese ore. Int J Miner Metall Mater, 2015, 22(7): 661 [11] Zhou F, Chen T, Yan C J, et al. The flotation of low-grade manganese ore using a novel linoleate hydroxamic acid. Colloids Surf A, 2015, 466: 1 [12] He Z C, Peng A G, Zheng X F, et al. A study on the two-ores method of leaching low grade pyrolusite. China Manganese Ind, 2004, 22(2): 38 (贺周初, 彭爱国, 郑贤福, 等. 两矿法浸出低品位软锰矿的工艺 研究. 中国锰业, 2004, 22(2):38) [13] Peng R H, Li X X. Preparation of high -purity manganese dioxide by leaching manganese ore with ferrous sulfate from by-product of titanium white. Inorg Chem Ind, 2006, 38(12): 48 (彭荣华, 李晓湘. 用钛白副产的硫酸亚铁浸锰制备高纯二氧化 锰. 无机盐工业, 2006, 38(12):48) [14] Mehta K D, Das C, Pandey B D. Leaching of copper, nickel and cobalt from Indian Ocean manganese nodules by Aspergillus niger. Hydrometallurgy, 2010, 105(1-2): 89 [15] Ma B Z, Xing P, Wang C Y, et al. A novel way to synthesize calcium sulfate whiskers with high aspect ratios from concentrated calcium nitrate solution. Mater Lett, 2018, 219: 1 [16] Sun H J, Tan D Y, Peng T J, et al. Preparation of calcium sulfate whisker by atmospheric acidification method from flue gas desulfurization gypsum. Procedia Environ Sci, 2016, 31: 621 [17] Liu C, Zhao Q, Wang Y, et al. Hydrothermal synthesis of calcium sulfate whisker from flue gas desulfurization gypsum. Chin J Chem Eng, 2016, 24(11): 1552 [18] Xia Y Y. Handbook of Chemical Laboratory. 3rd Ed. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2015 (夏玉宇. 化学实验室手册. 3版. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2015) [19] 吕东亚等: 盐酸法富集低品位锰矿及酸介质高值再生工艺 · 585 ·
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