308 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS the economic and political aspects.I have in mind,for example,such studies as Richard Gardner's Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy,recently re- issued,Dennis Austin's study of Britain and South Africa,Trevor Reese's recent book on Australia,New Zealand and the United States,Arthur Hazelwood's African Integration and Disintegration,or Miriam Camps' European Unification in the Sixties.s What is noticeably missing from the picture are more general studies of international economic relations-whether of problems or issue areas -treated analytically,with the political analysis predominating over the economic analysis. These general questions have so far been very much left to the economists.And admirable and distinguished as their work undoubtedly is,it seems to me that when looked at from a critical international rela- tions point of view it has shortcomings that perhaps are unavoidable, given the nature of the discipline.To put it bluntly,the literature contri- buted to the void by the economists suffers,first from a certain partiality for some aspects and questions over others,and,second,from a certain political naivete in its conclusions.The partiality is shown particularly to the questions concerning international trade and international pay- ments and to the mechanistic questions which they raise.With trade and payments,part of the fascination is probably explained by the oppor- tunities for mechanistic analysis-roughly,how it works and what happens in the economic mechanism-and the availability of quantifiable data that can be subjected to model calculations. It also happens that the study of economics is led and dominated by the United States,and that the national interests of the United States, both political and economic,are much concerned with both subjects- not only from a narrow national point of view,but also as what I would call the Top Currency country which by definition has a special concern with the preservation of order and stability in the international economic system.The result of this partiality in the economists'contributions is that what I might call the foreign economic policy analysis side of the subject has been seriously neglected.Gardner Patterson's book on dis- crimination in international trade and Gerard Curzon's on multilateral commercial diplomacy are valuable,but they are not enough.They 5 Richard M.Gardner,Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy:Anglo-American Collaboration in the Reconstruction of Multilateral Trade (1956;rev.ed.,1969);Dennis Austin,Britain and South Africa (1966);Trevor Reese,Australia,New Zealand and the United States:A Survey of International Relations 1914-1968 (1969);Arthur Hazlewood, African Integration and Disintegration:Case Studies in Economic and Political Union (1967);Miriam Camps,European Unification in the Sixties:From the Veto to the Cris(1966). 6 Gardner Patterson,Discriminating in International Trade:The Policy Issues 1945-65. (Princeton,N.J.Princeton University Press.1966.)Gerard Curzon,Multilateral Commercial Diplomacy. London:Michael Joseph. 1965.New York:Praeger. 1966.)308 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS the economic and political aspects. I have in mind, for example, such studies as Richard Gardner's Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy, recently re￾issued, Dennis Austin's study of Britain and South Africa, Trevor Reese's recent book on Australia, New Zealand and the United States, Arthur Hazelwood's African Integration and Disintegration, or Miriam Camps' European Unification in the Sixties.5 What is noticeably missing from the picture are more general studies of international economic relations-whether of problems or issue areas -treated analytically, with the political analysis predominating over the economic analysis. These general questions have so far been very much left to the economists. And admirable and distinguished as their work undoubtedly is, it seems to me that when looked at from a critical international rela￾tions point of view it has shortcomings that perhaps are unavoidable, given the nature of the discipline. To put it bluntly, the literature contri￾buted to the void by the economists suffers, first from a certain partiality for some aspects and questions over oithers, and, second, from a certain political naivete in its conclusions. The partiality is shown particularly to the questions concerning international trade and international pay￾ments and to the mechanistic questions which they raise. With trade and payments, part of the fascination is probably explained by the oppor￾tunities for mechanistic analysis-roughly, how it works and what happens in the economic mechanism-and the availability of quantifiable data that can be subjected to model calculations. It also happens that the study of economics is led and dominated by the United States, and that the national interests of the United States, both political and economic, are much concerned with both subjects￾not only from a narrow national point of view, but also as what I would call the Top Currency country which by definition has a special concern with the preservation of order and stability in the international economic system. The result of this partiality in the economists' contributions is that what I might call the foreign economic policy analysis side of the subject has been seriously neglected. Gardner Patterson's book on dis￾crimination in international trade and Gerard Curzon's on multilateral commercial diplomacy 6 are valuable, but they are not enough. They 5 Richard M. Gardner, Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy: Anglo-American Collaboration in the Reconstruction of Multilateral Trade (1956; rev. ed., 1969); Dennis Austin, Britain and South Africa (1966); Trevor Reese, Australia, New Zealand and the United States: A Survey of International Relations 1914-1968 (1969); Arthur Hazlewood, African Integration and Disintegration: Case Studies in Economic and Political Unionl (1967); Miriam Camps, European Unification in the Sixties: From the Veto to the Crisis (1966). 6 Gardner Patterson, Discriminating in International Trade: The Policy Issues 1945-65. (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. 1966.) Gerard Curzon, Multilateral Commercial Diplomacy. London: Michael Joseph. 1965. New York: Praeger. 1966.)