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科学家开发出氨合成节能技术 东京工业大学教授细野秀雄领导的研究小组10月22日在新一期英国期刊《自然一化 学》网络版上报告说,他们开发出了一种高效合成氨的新技术,使用这种技术所消耗的能源 只有传统方法的十分之一。 氨对于地球上的生物相当重要,它是所有食物和肥料的重要成分,还会直接或间接参与药 物合成,并且有望在燃料电池领域得到应用。氨是目前世界上产量最多的无机化合物之一, 全球每年生产约1.7亿吨氨。 氨由氮和氢反应合成,但是破坏氮分子之间强有力的结合,使其与氢发生反应需消耗大量 能源。 细野秀雄等研究者向其开发的超导物质C12A7中加入现在合成氨时常用的钉微粒,制 成催化剂。C12A7是钙铝酸盐化合物,是高铝水泥的主要成分。 研究人员发现,在这种催化剂作用下,氮和氢能高效合成氨。他们认为,这是由于在化合 时相关电子变得容易移动,从而使氮分子容易成为原子。 东京工业大学的研究人员准备今后进一步提高上述催化剂的性能,争取在5年至10年后使 这项新技术达到实用水平。原文英文题目如下(原文见文献资料) Ammonia synthesis using a stable electride as an electron donor and reversible hydrogen store Industrially,the artificial fixation of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia is carried out using the Haber-Bosch process,but this process requires high temperatures and pressures,and consumes more than 1%of the world' power production.Therefore the search is on for a more environmentally benign process that occurs under milder conditions.Here,we report that a Ru-loaded electride [Ca24Al28064]4+(e-)4 (Ru/C12A7:e-),which has high electron-donating power and chemical stability,works as an efficien catalyst for ammonia synthesis.Highly efficient ammonia synthesis is achieved with a catalytic activity that is an order of magnitude greater than those of other previously reported Ru-loaded catalysts and with almost half the reaction activation energy.Kinetic analysis with infrared spectroscopy reveals that C12A7:e-markedly enhances N2 dissociation on Ru by the back donation of electrons and that the poisoning of ruthenium surfaces by hydrogen adatoms can be suppressed effectively because of the ability of C12A7:e-to store hydrogen reversibly 科学家开发出氨合成节能技术 东京工业大学教授细野秀雄领导的研究小组 10 月 22 日在新一期英国期刊《自然—化 学》网络版上报告说,他们开发出了一种高效合成氨的新技术,使用这种技术所消耗的能源 只有传统方法的十分之一。 氨对于地球上的生物相当重要,它是所有食物和肥料的重要成分,还会直接或间接参与药 物合成,并且有望在燃料电池领域得到应用。氨是目前世界上产量最多的无机化合物之一, 全球每年生产约 1.7 亿吨氨。 氨由氮和氢反应合成,但是破坏氮分子之间强有力的结合,使其与氢发生反应需消耗大量 能源。 细野秀雄等研究者向其开发的超导物质 C12A7 中加入现在合成氨时常用的钌微粒,制 成催化剂。C12A7 是钙铝酸盐化合物,是高铝水泥的主要成分。 研究人员发现,在这种催化剂作用下,氮和氢能高效合成氨。他们认为,这是由于在化合 时相关电子变得容易移动,从而使氮分子容易成为原子。 东京工业大学的研究人员准备今后进一步提高上述催化剂的性能,争取在 5 年至 10 年后使 这项新技术达到实用水平。原文英文题目如下(原文见文献资料): Ammonia synthesis using a stable electride as an electron donor and reversible hydrogen store Industrially, the artificial fixation of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia is carried out using the Haber–Bosch process, but this process requires high temperatures and pressures, and consumes more than 1% of the world's power production. Therefore the search is on for a more environmentally benign process that occurs under milder conditions. Here, we report that a Ru-loaded electride [Ca24Al28O64]4+(e−)4 (Ru/C12A7:e−), which has high electron-donating power and chemical stability, works as an efficient catalyst for ammonia synthesis. Highly efficient ammonia synthesis is achieved with a catalytic activity that is an order of magnitude greater than those of other previously reported Ru-loaded catalysts and with almost half the reaction activation energy. Kinetic analysis with infrared spectroscopy reveals that C12A7:e− markedly enhances N2 dissociation on Ru by the back donation of electrons and that the poisoning of ruthenium surfaces by hydrogen adatoms can be suppressed effectively because of the ability of C12A7:e− to store hydrogen reversibly
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