Logical reasoning methods and argumentation Looking at logical categorizations of different types of reasoning the traditional main division made in philosophy is between deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning. Formal logic has been described as the science of deduction"[45 The study of inductive reasoning is generally carried out within the field known as informal logic or critical thinking Deductive reasoning Reasoning in an argument is valid if the argument's conclusion must be true when the premises(the reasons given to support that conclusion) are true. One classic example of deductive reasoning is that found in ogisms like the following Premise 1: All humans are mortal Premise 2. Socrates is a human Conclusion: Socrates is mortal The reasoning in this argument is valid because there is no way in which the premises, I and 2, could be true and the conclusion, 3, be false Inductive reasoning Induction is a form of inference producing propositions about unobserved objects or types, either specifically or generally, based on previous observation. It is used to ascribe properties or relations to objects or typesLogical reasoning methods and argumentation Looking at logical categorizations of different types of reasoning the traditional main division made in philosophy is between deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning. Formal logic has been described as "the science of deduction".[45] The study of inductive reasoning is generally carried out within the field known as informal logic or critical thinking. Deductive reasoning Reasoning in an argument is valid if the argument's conclusion must be true when the premises (the reasons given to support that conclusion) are true. One classic example of deductive reasoning is that found in syllogisms like the following: Premise 1: All humans are mortal. Premise 2: Socrates is a human. Conclusion: Socrates is mortal. The reasoning in this argument is valid, because there is no way in which the premises, 1 and 2, could be true and the conclusion, 3, be false. Inductive reasoning Induction is a form of inference producing propositions about unobserved objects or types, either specifically or generally, based on previous observation. It is used to ascribe properties or relations to objects or types