THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2011 Adolescence:An Age of Opportunity Essays 2.3 Anaemia is a significant risk for adolescent girls (15-19) in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia...21 PERSPECTIVES Her Royal Highness Princess Mathilde of Belgium, 2.4 Underweight is a major risk for adolescent girls(15-19) Adult responsibility:Listen to adolescents'voices9 in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia...21 Nyaradzayi Gumbonzvanda,Facing the challenge: 2.5 Young males in late adolescence (15-19)are more Reproductive health for HIV-positive adolescents....8 likely to engage in higher risk sex than females of the same age group24 Maria Sharapova,Chernobyl 25 years later: Remembering adolescents in disaster38 2.6 Young women in late adolescence(15-19)are more likely to seek an HIV test and receive their results than young men President Anote Tong of the Republic of Kiribati, of the same age The effects of climate change in Kiribati: A tangible threat to 2.7 Marriage by age of first union in selected Emmanuel Adebayor,Advocacy through sports: countries with available disaggregated data.......34 Stopping the spread of HIV among young people..... .54 3.1 Word cloud illustrating key international youth Her Highness Sheikha Mozah bint Nasser Al Missned, forums on climate change...45 Releasing the potential of adolescents:Education reform in the Middle East and North Africa region......................58 3.2 Global trends in youth unemployment................ .46 Lara Dutta,Doing our part:Mass media's responsibility References… .78 Maria Eitel,Adolescent girls:The best investment 74 Statistical Tables.... you can make.… .81 Under-five mortality rankings..8 ADOLESCENT VOICES Table 1.Basic indicators ....... .88 Paolo Najera,17,Costa Rica,Keeping the flame alive: Table 2.Nutrition9. Indigenous adolescents'right to education and health services...11 Table 3.Health ..... .96 Meenakshi Dunga,16,India,Act responsibly: Table 4.HIV/AIDS...... Nurse our planet back to health...... .32 .100 Table5.Education… …104 Brenda Garcia,17,Mexico,Reclaim Tijuana: Table 6.Demographic indicators.... .108 Put an end to drug-related violence.53 Table 7.Economic indicators.... 112 Cian McLeod,17,Ireland,Striving for equity: Table 8.Women........ .116 A look at marginalized adolescents in Zambia..57 Table 9.Child protection.120 Saeda Almatari,16,Jordan/United States, Table 10.The rate of Unrealistic media images:A danger to adolescent girls...............65 Table 11.Adolescents.130 Syed Aown Shahzad,16,Pakistan,From victims to activists: Table 12.Equity...... .134 Children and the effects of climate change in Pakistan.........6 Figures 2.1 Adolescent population (10-19 years)by region,2009.............20 2.2 Trends in the adolescent population,1950-2050.................20 CONTENTSCONTENTS v THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN 2011 Adolescence: An Age of Opportunity Essays PerspectiveS Her Royal Highness Princess Mathilde of Belgium, Adult responsibility: Listen to adolescents’ voices .......................... 9 Nyaradzayi Gumbonzvanda, Facing the challenge: Reproductive health for HIV-positive adolescents.......................... 28 Maria Sharapova, Chernobyl 25 years later: Remembering adolescents in disaster ............................................ 38 President Anote Tong of the Republic of Kiribati, The effects of climate change in Kiribati: A tangible threat to adolescents ...................................................... 47 Emmanuel Adebayor, Advocacy through sports: Stopping the spread of HIV among young people......................... 54 Her Highness Sheikha Mozah bint Nasser Al Missned, Releasing the potential of adolescents: Education reform in the Middle East and North Africa region ....................... 58 Lara Dutta, Doing our part: Mass media’s responsibility to adolescents.................................................................................... 69 Maria Eitel, Adolescent girls: The best investment you can make..................................................................................... 74 Adolescent voices Paolo Najera, 17, Costa Rica, Keeping the flame alive: Indigenous adolescents’ right to education and health services... 11 Meenakshi Dunga, 16, India, Act responsibly: Nurse our planet back to health....................................................... 32 Brenda Garcia, 17, Mexico, Reclaim Tijuana: Put an end to drug-related violence ................................................ 53 Cian McLeod, 17, Ireland, Striving for equity: A look at marginalized adolescents in Zambia............................... 57 Saeda Almatari, 16, Jordan/United States, Unrealistic media images: A danger to adolescent girls............... 65 Syed Aown Shahzad, 16, Pakistan, From victims to activists: Children and the effects of climate change in Pakistan................. 76 Figures 2.1 Adolescent population (10–19 years) by region, 2009............. 20 2.2 Trends in the adolescent population, 1950–2050 ..................... 20 2.3 Anaemia is a significant risk for adolescent girls (15–19) in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia...................................... 21 2.4 Underweight is a major risk for adolescent girls (15–19) in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia...................................... 21 2.5 Young males in late adolescence (15–19) are more likely to engage in higher risk sex than females of the same age group .......................................................................... 24 2.6 Young women in late adolescence (15–19) are more likely to seek an HIV test and receive their results than young men of the same age group ............................................................... 25 2.7 Marriage by age of first union in selected countries with available disaggregated data............................ 34 3.1 Word cloud illustrating key international youth forums on climate change.......................................................... 45 3.2 Global trends in youth unemployment..................................... 46 References.................................................................................. 78 Statistical Tables............................................................... 81 Under-five mortality rankings........................................................... 87 Table 1. Basic indicators ................................................................... 88 Table 2. Nutrition ............................................................................... 92 Table 3. Health ................................................................................... 96 Table 4. HIV/AIDS............................................................................. 100 Table 5. Education ........................................................................... 104 Table 6. Demographic indicators ................................................... 108 Table 7. Economic indicators.......................................................... 112 Table 8. Women............................................................................... 116 Table 9. Child protection................................................................. 120 Table 10. The rate of progress........................................................ 126 Table 11. Adolescents...................................................................... 130 Table 12. Equity................................................................................ 134