international training schemes. 6.Plant introduction What is plant introduction? According to Frankel 1957)plant introduction is the transposition of a genetic entity from an environment to which it is attuned to one in which it is untried'.Plant introduction consists of taking a genotype or a group of genotypes of plants into new environments in which they have not been grown before. Primary introduction When the introduced plant material is so well suited to the new environment,that it is eventually released as a variety for cultivation with no alteration it is referred to as primary introduction. Secondary introduction When the introduced plant material is subjected to selection,and or is used in hybridization for incorporation of a gene(s),this is referred to as secondary introduction. Goals of Plant Introduction To secure for possible general use any outstanding varieties grown elsewhere in any part of the world. To introduce new crops and to initiate a plant-breeding programme in respect of such crops. To collect germplasm for use in the genetic improvement of crops in a plant-breeding programme. Procedure of Plant Introduction Plant Quarantine The term'plant quarantine'refers to those quarantines and regulations concerned with material(s)entering from foreign countries.Quarantine precautions are directed against international spread of pests and diseases in order to prevent their introduction to uninfested areas. Quarantine Inspection ◇Port Inspection ◇Pre-entry Inspection Post-entry Quarantine Surveillance 7.Evaluation and Characterization of Germplasm >2-3 seasons >Incomplete block design 8.Conservation of Germplasm Gene Sanctuaries There are the areas in which the whole ecosystem is preserved under minimal human interference.Here the threatened species are preserved in their natural environment(habitat).Continuous evolution is the salient feature of this type of conservation Gene Banks There are the repositories of seeds of germplasm,seed stores,where the seeds are5 international training schemes. 6. Plant introduction What is plant introduction? According to Frankel ( 1957) ‘ plant introduction is the transposition of a genetic entity from an environment to which it is attuned to one in which it is untried’. Plant introduction consists of taking a genotype or a group of genotypes of plants into new environments in which they have not been grown before. ◇Primary introduction When the introduced plant material is so well suited to the new environment, that it is eventually released as a variety for cultivation with no alteration it is referred to as primary introduction. ◇Secondary introduction When the introduced plant material is subjected to selection, and or is used in hybridization for incorporation of a gene(s), this is referred to as secondary introduction. Goals of Plant Introduction  To secure for possible general use any outstanding varieties grown elsewhere in any part of the world.  To introduce new crops and to initiate a plant-breeding programme in respect of such crops.  To collect germplasm for use in the genetic improvement of crops in a plant-breeding programme. Procedure of Plant Introduction Plant Quarantine The term’ plant quarantine’ refers to those quarantines and regulations concerned with material(s) entering from foreign countries. Quarantine precautions are directed against international spread of pests and diseases in order to prevent their introduction to uninfested areas. Quarantine Inspection  Port Inspection  Pre-entry Inspection Post-entry Quarantine Surveillance 7. Evaluation and Characterization of Germplasm  2-3 seasons  Incomplete block design 8. Conservation of Germplasm Gene Sanctuaries There are the areas in which the whole ecosystem is preserved under minimal human interference. Here the threatened species are preserved in their natural environment(habitat). Continuous evolution is the salient feature of this type of conservation. Gene Banks There are the repositories of seeds of germplasm, seed stores, where the seeds are