正在加载图片...
汪家梅等:304不锈钢在模拟压水堆一回路水中高温电化学腐蚀行为 ·405· (下式)可知 逐渐降低,表面外层氧化物颗粒和间隙逐渐增大,耐腐 Eo,=品.+4fna RT. Po: (13) 蚀性能降低 (3)溶解氧对304SS电化学性能的影响主要取决 式中,E为氧气和水转变的平衡电极电势,E。为其标 于阴极0,还原反应电流密度曲线,随着溶解氧浓度的 准电极电势,F为法拉第常数,R为气体常数,T为绝对 升高,其腐蚀电位E逐渐增加,自腐蚀电流密度I 温度,Po为氧分压,ar-为0H活度.其中,8,只与温 和钝化电流密度I均呈降低趋势,钝化区缩小. 度有关,故在温度与溶液的pH维持不变,而溶解氧浓 致谢 度升高即Pa,增大时,E。,往正方向移动.因此曲线b2一 感谢上海交通大学分析测试中心提供微观分析 b,分别代表当溶解氧质量浓度20、40、100和1000μg· L时的阴极极化曲线.曲线a与曲线b2、b3、b,、b的 交点即分别为304SS在相应D0环境中的自腐蚀电位 参考文献 Em,故E2Ema、E4、Es随着溶解氧浓度的升高 ] Da Cunha Belo M,Walls M,Hakiki N E,et al.Composition, 而增大.此外,随着E向正方向移动,即离理论的过 structure and properties of the oxide films formed on the stainless 钝化电位E的距离也缩短,故钝化区随着溶解氧浓度 steel 316L in a primary type PWR environment.Corros Sci,1998, 的升高而缩小,过钝化电位基本重合.在电位为 40(2):447 -0.15V处做一条与X轴平行的直线,与曲线b2、b3、 2] Anoop M B,Rao K B.Lakshmanan N.Safety assessment of aus- tenitic steel nuclear power plant pipelines against stress corrosion b,、b,和a分别交于点A、B、C、D和E与相应溶解氧浓 cracking in the presence of hybrid uncertainties.Int I Pressure 度下的极化曲线分别交点2、3、4、5,则线段AE、BE、CE Vessels Piping,2008,85(4):238 和DE的长度分别代表了电流Ime值的 B]Li Y K,Lu S P,Li D Z,et al.Remaining life prediction of the 大小网,因此表明钝化电流密度随着溶解氧浓度的升 core shroud due to stress corrosion cracking failure in BWRs using 高呈降低趋势. numerical simulations.J Nucl Sci Technol,2015,52 (1):96 [4 Homonnay Z,Kuzmann E,Varga K,et al.Comprehensive inves- 0还原 tigation of the corrosion state of the heat exchanger tubes of steam 0.1 generators:Part Il.Chemical composition and structure of tube 100 02 E surfaces.J Nucl Mat,2006,348(1)191 [5]Bosch R W.Feron D.Celis J P.Electrochemistry in Light Water 0.3 Reactors:Reference Electrodes,Measurement,Corrosion and Tribo- corrosion Issues.Washington:CRC Press,2007 b04100gL+ 6]Duan Z,Arjmand F.Zhang L,et al.Investigation of the corrosion behavior of 304L and 316L stainless steels at high-emperature bo- rated and lithiated water.J Nucl Sci Technol,2015,53(9):1 0.6 20gL- Niedrach L W.Use of a high temperature pH sensor as a "Pseudo- H,0还原 Reference Electrode"in the monitoring of corrosion and redox po- 07 tentials at 285 C.J Electrochem Soc,1982,129 (7):1445 10P 10 0 [8]Lin CC,Smith F R,Ichikawa N,et al.Electrochemical potential Igl//(mA.cm measurements under simulated BWR water chemistry conditions 图8304SS在不同溶解氧浓度下模拟一回路水溶液中的理论极 Corrosion,1992,48(1):16 化曲线 9]Kim Y J.Analysis of oxide film formed on type 304 stainless steel Fig.8 Ideal polarization curves for 304 stainless steel in simulated in 288 C water containing oxygen,hydrogen,and hydrogen perox- primary water with different dissolved oxygen concentrations ide.Corrosion,1999,55(1)81 [10]Pourbaix M.Altas of electrochemical equilibria in aqueous solu- 3结论 tions.Houston:NACE,1966 [11]Beverskog B,Puigdomenech I.Pourbaix diagrams for the temary (1)氯离子浓度主要影响高电位下的二次钝化效 system of iron-chromium-nickel.Corrosion,1999,55 (11): 应,低电位下影响效果不明显,结合X射线光电子能 1077 谱对氧化膜元素成分分析发现二次钝化效应与氧化膜 [12]Chen C M,Aral K,Theus G J.Computer-calculated Potential pH Diagrams to 300 C.Volume 2:Handbook of Diagrams 中Fe/Cr质量比密切相关,Fe/Cr质量比越低,内层氧 EPRI NP-3137.Alliance:The Babcock WilcoX Company 化膜越稳定,二次钝化效果越佳,钝化电流越低 1983 (2)电化学阻抗谱和扫描电镜结果表明,随着氯 13] Tachibana M,Ishida K,Wada Y,et al.Determining factors for 离子浓度增加,内层氧化膜厚度逐渐减小,氧化膜阻抗 anodic polarization curves of typical structural materials of boiling汪家梅等: 304 不锈钢在模拟压水堆一回路水中高温电化学腐蚀行为 ( 下式) 可知 EO2 = E0 O2 + RT 4Fln pO2 α4 OH - . ( 13) 式中,EO2 为氧气和水转变的平衡电极电势,E0 O2 为其标 准电极电势,F 为法拉第常数,R 为气体常数,T 为绝对 温度,pO2 为氧分压,α0 OH -为 OH - 活度. 其中,E0 O2 只与温 度有关,故在温度与溶液的 pH 维持不变,而溶解氧浓 度升高即 pO2 增大时,EO2 往正方向移动. 因此曲线 b2-- b5分别代表当溶解氧质量浓度 20、40、100 和 1000 μg· L - 1时的阴极极化曲线. 曲线 a 与曲线 b2、b3、b4、b5的 交点即分别为 304SS 在相应 DO 环境中的自腐蚀电位 Ecorrx,故 Ecorr2、Ecorr3、Ecorr4、Ecorr5随着溶解氧浓度的升高 而增大. 此外,随着 Ecorr向正方向移动,即离理论的过 钝化电位 Etp的距离也缩短,故钝化区随着溶解氧浓度 的升 高 而 缩 小,过 钝 化 电 位 基 本 重 合. 在 电 位 为 - 0. 15 V 处做一条与 X 轴平行的直线,与曲线 b2、b3、 b4、b5和 a 分别交于点 A、B、C、D 和 E 与相应溶解氧浓 度下的极化曲线分别交点 2、3、4、5,则线段 AE、BE、CE 和 DE 的长度分别代表了电流 Ipass2、Ipass3、Ipass4、Ipass5值的 大小[22],因此表明钝化电流密度随着溶解氧浓度的升 高呈降低趋势. 图 8 304SS 在不同溶解氧浓度下模拟一回路水溶液中的理论极 化曲线 Fig. 8 Ideal polarization curves for 304 stainless steel in simulated primary water with different dissolved oxygen concentrations 3 结论 ( 1) 氯离子浓度主要影响高电位下的二次钝化效 应,低电位下影响效果不明显,结合 X 射线光电子能 谱对氧化膜元素成分分析发现二次钝化效应与氧化膜 中 Fe /Cr 质量比密切相关,Fe /Cr 质量比越低,内层氧 化膜越稳定,二次钝化效果越佳,钝化电流越低. ( 2) 电化学阻抗谱和扫描电镜结果表明,随着氯 离子浓度增加,内层氧化膜厚度逐渐减小,氧化膜阻抗 逐渐降低,表面外层氧化物颗粒和间隙逐渐增大,耐腐 蚀性能降低. ( 3) 溶解氧对 304SS 电化学性能的影响主要取决 于阴极 O2还原反应电流密度曲线,随着溶解氧浓度的 升高,其腐蚀电位 Ecorr逐渐增加,自腐蚀电流密度 Icorr 和钝化电流密度 Ipass均呈降低趋势,钝化区缩小. 致谢 感谢上海交通大学分析测试中心提供微观分析. 参 考 文 献 [1] Da Cunha Belo M,Walls M,Hakiki N E,et al. Composition, structure and properties of the oxide films formed on the stainless steel 316L in a primary type PWR environment. Corros Sci,1998, 40( 2) : 447 [2] Anoop M B,Rao K B,Lakshmanan N. Safety assessment of aus￾tenitic steel nuclear power plant pipelines against stress corrosion cracking in the presence of hybrid uncertainties. Int J Pressure Vessels Piping,2008,85( 4) : 238 [3] Li Y K,Lu S P,Li D Z,et al. Remaining life prediction of the core shroud due to stress corrosion cracking failure in BWRs using numerical simulations. J Nucl Sci Technol,2015,52( 1) : 96 [4] Homonnay Z,Kuzmann E,Varga K,et al. Comprehensive inves￾tigation of the corrosion state of the heat exchanger tubes of steam generators: Part II. Chemical composition and structure of tube surfaces. J Nucl Mat,2006,348( 1) : 191 [5] Bosch R W,Féron D,Celis J P. Electrochemistry in Light Water Reactors: Reference Electrodes,Measurement,Corrosion and Tribo￾corrosion Issues. Washington: CRC Press,2007 [6] Duan Z,Arjmand F,Zhang L,et al. Investigation of the corrosion behavior of 304L and 316L stainless steels at high-temperature bo￾rated and lithiated water. J Nucl Sci Technol,2015,53( 9) : 1 [7] Niedrach L W. Use of a high temperature pH sensor as a“Pseudo- Reference Electrode”in the monitoring of corrosion and redox po￾tentials at 285 ℃ . J Electrochem Soc,1982,129( 7) : 1445 [8] Lin C C,Smith F R,Ichikawa N,et al. Electrochemical potential measurements under simulated BWR water chemistry conditions. Corrosion,1992,48( 1) : 16 [9] Kim Y J. Analysis of oxide film formed on type 304 stainless steel in 288 C water containing oxygen,hydrogen,and hydrogen perox￾ide. Corrosion,1999,55( 1) : 81 [10] Pourbaix M. Altas of electrochemical equilibria in aqueous solu￾tions. Houston: NACE,1966 [11] Beverskog B,Puigdomenech I. Pourbaix diagrams for the ternary system of iron-chromium-nickel. Corrosion,1999,55 ( 11 ) : 1077 [12] Chen C M,Aral K,Theus G J. Computer-calculated Potential pH Diagrams to 300 ℃ . Volume 2: Handbook of Diagrams. EPRI NP--3137. Alliance: The Babcock & WilcoX Company, 1983 [13] Tachibana M,Ishida K,Wada Y,et al. Determining factors for anodic polarization curves of typical structural materials of boiling · 504 ·
<<向上翻页向下翻页>>
©2008-现在 cucdc.com 高等教育资讯网 版权所有