总结 总结 Summary Summary ◆总剩余消费者剩余、生产者剩 ◆税收有无调损失是因为它引起买者少消 费和卖者少生产 余和税收收入之和—的减少被称 Taxes have a deadweight loss because 为税收的无谓损失。 they cause buyers to consume less and The fall in total surplus the sum of sellers to produce less. consumer surplus, producer surplus, and tax revenue- is called 余属关维家桑规模缩小到使总 the deadweight loss of the tax change in behavior shrinks the size of the market below the level that maximizes total surplus. 总结 Summary ◆税收增加越多,它对激励的扭曲越大,而且 As a tax grows larger, it distorts incentives ore, and its deadweight loss grows large ◆税收收入起初随税收规模扩大而增加。 Tax revenue first rises with the size of a tax 最终由于高税收减少市场规模,也就减 ventually, however a larger tax reduces tax revenue because it reduces the size of the market6 31 总结 Summary ‹总剩余—— 消费者剩余、生产者剩 余和税收收入之和——的减少被称 为税收的无谓损失。 The fall in total surplus – the sum of consumer surplus, producer surplus, and tax revenue – is called the deadweight loss of the tax. 32 总结 Summary ‹税收有无谓损失是因为它引起买者少消 费和卖者少生产。 Taxes have a deadweight loss because they cause buyers to consume less and sellers to produce less. ‹这一行为的变动使市场规模缩小到使总 剩余最大化的水平之下。 This change in behavior shrinks the size of the market below the level that maximizes total surplus. 33 总结 Summary ‹税收增加越多，它对激励的扭曲越大，而且， 无谓损失增加也越大。 As a tax grows larger, it distorts incentives more, and its deadweight loss grows larger. ‹税收收入起初随税收规模扩大而增加。 Tax revenue first rises with the size of a tax. ‹但是，最终由于高税收减少市场规模，也就减 少了税收收入。 Eventually, however, a larger tax reduces tax revenue because it reduces the size of the market