Allusions in“On the Various Means” 1.Tall poppy syndrome(TPS)is a pejorative term primarily used in the UK,Canada,Australia, New Zealand and other Anglosphere nations to describe a social phenomenon in which people of genuine merit are resented,attacked,cut down,or criticised because their talents or achievements elevate them above or distinguish them from their peers..高大罂粟花综合症 (Tall Poppy Syndrome)是澳大利亚和新西兰的一个流行用语，用来形容一种在社群文 化中，集体地对某类人的批判态度，属于意识形态表达的一种方式。当任何一个人在社 会上达到某程度上成功的时候，而惹来社群中不约而同的，自发性的，集体性的批评。 通常，这种批评也会从社区领袖们口中而出，亦带有反智主义，特别是对知识分子的怀 疑和鄙视。 Australia's usage of the term has evolved and is not uniformly negative.In Australia,a long history of"underdog"culture and profound respect for humility in contrast to that of Australia's English feudal heritage results in a different understanding of"Tall Poppy Syndrome'”. The term originates from accounts in Herodotus'The Histories(Book 5,92f),Aristotle's Politics(1284a),and Livy's History of Rome,Book I.Herodotus,The Histories,Book 5, 92-f [Periander]had sent a herald to Thrasybulus and inquired in what way he would best and most safely govern his city.Thrasybulus led the man who had come from Periander outside the town,and entered into a sown field.As he walked through the wheat,continually asking why the messenger had come to him from Cypselus,he kept cutting off all the tallest ears of wheat which he could see,and throwing them away,until he had destroyed the best and richest part of the crop.Then,after passing through the place and speaking no word of counsel,he sent the herald away.When the herald returned to Cypselus,Periander desired to hear what counsel he brought,but the man said that Thrasybulus had given him none.The herald added that it was a strange man to whom he had been sent,a madman and a destroyer of his own possessions,telling Periander what he had seen Thrasybulus do.Periander. however,understood what had been done,and perceived that Thrasybulus had counselled him to slay those of his townsmen who were outstanding in influence or ability;with that he began to deal with his citizens in an evil mannerAllusions in “On the Various Means” 1. Tall poppy syndrome (TPS) is a pejorative term primarily used in the UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and other Anglosphere nations to describe a social phenomenon in which people of genuine merit are resented, attacked, cut down, or criticised because their talents or achievements elevate them above or distinguish them from their peers. 高大罂粟花综合症 （Tall Poppy Syndrome）是澳大利亚和新西兰的一个流行用语，用来形容一种在社群文 化中，集体地对某类人的批判态度，属于意识形态表达的一种方式。当任何一个人在社 会上达到某程度上成功的时候，而惹来社群中不约而同的，自发性的，集体性的批评。 通常，这种批评也会从社区领袖们口中而出，亦带有反智主义，特别是对知识分子的怀 疑和鄙视。 Australia’s usage of the term has evolved and is not uniformly negative. In Australia, a long history of “underdog” culture and profound respect for humility in contrast to that of Australia’s English feudal heritage results in a different understanding of “Tall Poppy Syndrome”. The term originates from accounts in Herodotus’ The Histories (Book 5, 92f), Aristotle’s Politics (1284a), and Livy’s History of Rome, Book I. Herodotus, The Histories, Book 5, 92-f: [Periander] had sent a herald to Thrasybulus and inquired in what way he would best and most safely govern his city. Thrasybulus led the man who had come from Periander outside the town, and entered into a sown field. As he walked through the wheat, continually asking why the messenger had come to him from Cypselus, he kept cutting off all the tallest ears of wheat which he could see, and throwing them away, until he had destroyed the best and richest part of the crop. Then, after passing through the place and speaking no word of counsel, he sent the herald away. When the herald returned to Cypselus, Periander desired to hear what counsel he brought, but the man said that Thrasybulus had given him none. The herald added that it was a strange man to whom he had been sent, a madman and a destroyer of his own possessions, telling Periander what he had seen Thrasybulus do. Periander, however, understood what had been done, and perceived that Thrasybulus had counselled him to slay those of his townsmen who were outstanding in influence or ability; with that he began to deal with his citizens in an evil manner