140(z5 KINSHIP AND MARRIAGE Kinship: Kinship studies were initiated by an American lawyer, Lewis Henry Morgan, who lived western New York State. He was intrigued by the kinship system of the Iroquois Indians and with their extended forms of kinship terminologies which allowed brothers and sisters and extended cousins of the same generation to be labeled as"father "or"mother""by a child of the succeeding generation Descent and Inheritance Marriage establishes affinal relationships between the kin, or"consanguines" of the wite and those of her groom. Affines are thus people who are married to our consanguines. Consanguines are those who are related to us in a"kin"like way, or through blood. Kinship"is defined as the network of relationships created by genealogical connections, and by social ties modeled on the natural"relations of genealogical parenthood In many societies, the ideal result of the union of marriage is children and a posterity. Children from marriage represent social, as well as physical, continuity and collateral. Their identity is henceforth bound up with those of their parents, family, lineage, and so forth. Children will be recognized as members of a specific "descent "group. Descent refers to social recognition of a common parent or ancestor. Sometimes the actual relations are known and emphasized; other relations, or fictive kinship, base their behaviors on the model of descent even through there may not be any actual blood ties. By a convenient fiction, persons are transformed into kinsfolk and assimilated within the communitys common ancestry. Since they are treated like kin, they become kin in a real sense Patrilineal Descent: Patrilineal descent is present when rules of identity and inheritance state that a child belongs to his or her father's clan. This means that all offspring of a man belong to his clan, as he belonged to his father's clan. A daughter belongs to her father's clan; but her children do not. The belong to the clan of their father One well-known example is the Tallensi 1. Every Tallensi belongs to his or her father's patrilineal descent group(sometimes llda“ corporate group,” or corporation.) 2. All political and religious rights are obtained are transmitted through the patrilineage 3. A man must marry a woman from another patrilineage 4. Members of many patrilineages recognize a common ancestor. When a sacrifice made to the ancestor, persons from these lineages are entitled and sometimes obliged to attend 271