P.M. Kelly, L.R. Francis Rose/ Progress in Materials Science 47(2002)463-557 martensitic transformation and the strains resulting from the transformation. This model which separates the nucleation strain from the subsequent net transformation strain, is shown to be superior to any of the constitutive models currently available. 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. all rights reserved I 1. What is transformation toughening?. 467 1. 2. Where do martensitic transformations fit in? 13. Martensitic transformations in ceramics 2. Martensitic transformations 2. 1. The phenomenological theory 2.2. Correspondences, variants and twins 474 2.3. The shape strain, stress-induced transformation and 3. The tetragonal to monoclinic transformation in zirconia 485 3. 1. Early work on the transformation in zirconia 3.2. Ceria-zirconia(Ce-TZP) 3.3. Yttria-zirconia (Y-TZP 494 3. 4. Magnesia-zirconia(Mg-PSZ) 3.5. The transformation in dispersed particles and 3.6. The tetragonal-orthorhombic and orthorhombic->monoclinic transformations 3.7. Summar 14 4. Transformation toughening 516 41. Introduction 4.2. The early history of transformation toughening 4.3. The development of theories of transformation toughening in zirconia.523 4.4. Constitutive modelling 4.5. Comparison between established theories and experiment .. 4.6. The role of the shape strain in stress-induced transformation a crystallographic model for transformation toughening 4.7. Summary 5. Discussion and conclusions 547 5.1. Martensitic transformations and transformation toughening....... 547 5.2. The characteristics of an ideal transformation toughened ceramic 5.3. Evaluation of alternative transformation toughened ceramics 5.4. Conclusions Acknowledgements References 553                    
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