E.Vasodilation 47.A 50-year-old man has a two-year history of angina pectoris that occurs when he exercises.His blood pressure and pulse are normal.Coronary angiography shows 75%narrowing of the left anterior descending artery.Which of the following cell types was the initial target in the development of this lesion?( A Endothelial cells B.Fibroblasts C.Lymphocytes D.Platelets E.Smooth muscle cells 48.A 56-year-old man with a 120 pack-year smoking history is referred to you for consideration of surgical resection after he is found to have a new 2 cm lung mass on a chest x-ray.After you have reviewed his records,you want to be able to tell him whether surgery will cure his disease.Factors that would influence whether a surgical resection would be curative include:( A.Cell ty of the neoplasm B Locatic of the neoplasm Stage of the neoplasm D.Whether the neoplasm is benign or malignant E.All of the above 49.During a routine health maintenance examination of a 40-year-old man a stool guaiac test result was positive (occult blood in the stool).follow-up sigmoidoscopy showed a 1.5 cm circumscribed,pedunculated mass on a short stalk,located in the upper rectum.Which of the following terms best describes the lesion？( A.Adenom B.Dysplasia C.Hamartoma D.Melanoma E.Sarcoma 50.An epidemiologic study investigates the potential cellular molecular alterations that may contribute to the development of cancers in a population Molecular data from resected colonic lesions show changes involved in the evolution of a sporadic colonic adenoma into an invasive carcinoma.Which of the following best describes the mechanism producing these changes?( A.Extensive regeneration of tissues increases the risk of cancer-causing tations B.Inherited defects in DNA repair genes increase the susceptibility to develop cancer C.Malignant transformation involves accumulation of mutations inE. Vasodilation 47. A 50-year-old man has a two-year history of angina pectoris that occurs when he exercises. His blood pressure and pulse are normal. Coronary angiography shows 75% narrowing of the left anterior descending artery. Which of the following cell types was the initial target in the development of this lesion? ( ) A. Endothelial cells B. Fibroblasts C. Lymphocytes D. Platelets E. Smooth muscle cells 48. A 56-year-old man with a 120 pack-year smoking history is referred to you for consideration of surgical resection after he is found to have a new 2 cm lung mass on a chest x-ray. After you have reviewed his records, you want to be able to tell him whether surgery will cure his disease. Factors that would influence whether a surgical resection would be curative include: ( ) A. Cell type of the neoplasm B. Location of the neoplasm C. Stage of the neoplasm D. Whether the neoplasm is benign or malignant E. All of the above 49. During a routine health maintenance examination of a 40-year-old man a stool guaiac test result was positive (occult blood in the stool). A follow-up sigmoidoscopy showed a 1.5 cm circumscribed, pedunculated mass on a short stalk, located in the upper rectum. Which of the following terms best describes the lesion? ( ) A. Adenoma B. Dysplasia C. Hamartoma D. Melanoma E. Sarcoma 50. An epidemiologic study investigates the potential cellular molecular alterations that may contribute to the development of cancers in a population. Molecular data from resected colonic lesions show changes involved in the evolution of a sporadic colonic adenoma into an invasive carcinoma. Which of the following best describes the mechanism producing these changes? ( ) A. Extensive regeneration of tissues increases the risk of cancer-causing mutations B. Inherited defects in DNA repair genes increase the susceptibility to develop cancer C. Malignant transformation involves accumulation of mutations in