上海交通大学交大密西根 ·联合学院一 181 UM-SJTU Joint Institute University of Michigan Shanghal Jiao Tong University A Brief History of Computing Although electronic computers are relatively new,mechanical computers are much older. The abacus goes back almost 4000 years. In the 17th century,several mechanical computing devices were developed in Europe. Reconstruction of 1623 Blaise Pascal's 1641 Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz's Wilhelm Schickard machine “Pascaline”machine calculating wheel (ca.1671) (Deutsches Museum,Munich) (Musee des Arts et Metiers,Paris) (IBMD） The most important conceptual breakthroughs,however,came in the early part of the 19th century...A Brief History of Computing A Brief History of Computing • Although electronic computers are relatively new, mechanical computers are much older. The abacus goes back almost 4000 years. • In the 17th century, several mechanical computing devices were developed in Europe. • The most important conceptual breakthroughs, however, came in the early part of the 19th century . . . Reconstruction of 1623 Wilhelm Schickard machine (Deutsches Museum, Munich) Blaise Pascal’s 1641 “Pascaline” machine (Musée des Arts et Metiers, Paris) Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz’s calculating wheel (ca. 1671) (IBM)