Characteristics of hierarchical systems Assumptions Ecological systems are hierarchically structured Some are nested, some non-nested Hierarchies have levels, levels consist of entities Higher levels contain large scale entities lower levels contain small scale entities Characteristics: 1. Frequency 2. Context 3. Containment 4. Constraint 5. Emergent properties 6. HolonCharacteristics of hierarchical systems Assumptions: - Ecological systems are hierarchically structured - Some are nested, some non-nested - Hierarchies have levels; levels consist of entities - Higher levels contain large scale entities; lower levels contain small scale entities Characteristics: 1. Frequency 2. Context 3. Containment 4. Constraint 5. Emergent properties 6. Holon