些开始的器异生反应过 table 20-2 Sequential Reactions in Gluconeogenesis Starting from Pyruvate Pyruvate HCO3+ ATP- oXaloacetate ADP+P+H 2 Oxaloacetate GTP= phosphoenolpyruvate CO 2+ GDP 2 Phosphoenolpyruvate H20= 2-phosphoglycerate 2 2-Phosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate 2 3-Phosphoglycerate+ ATP= 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP+H+ 2 1, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate+ NADH H= glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate+ NAD+ P 2 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dihydroxyacetone phosphate Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dihydroxyacetone phosphate fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate H20- fructose 6-phosphate+ P Fructose 6-phosphate= glucose 6-phosphate Glucose 6-phosphate+ H20- glucose P Sum: 2 Pyruvate+4ATP+ 2GTP 2NADH +4H20- glucose 4ADP + 2GDP+ 6P,+ 2NAD*+2H The bypass reactions are in red; all other reactions are NADH consumed in the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate reversible steps of glycolysis. The figures at the right indicate dehydrogenase reaction(the conversion of lactate to pyruvate that the reaction is to be counted twice, because two three in the cytosol or the transport of reducing equivalents from carbon precursors are required to make a molecule of glucose. mitochondria to the cytosol in the form of malate)are not Note that the reactions required to replace the cytosolic considered in this summary丙酮酸开始的糖异生反应过程