12.3 Organic molecules are classified by functional group(官能团) Important Functional Groups and Their Reactions ·醇、酚、醚、彐 Functional Group Name Typical Reactions Carbon-carbon Addition reactions with halogens, 胺、酮、醛、 double bond hydrogen halides, and water; hydrogenation to yield alkanes C≡C- Carbon-carbon Addition reactions with halogens, 酰胺、羧酸、 triple bond hydrogen halides: hydrogenation to 酯 Halogen Exchange reactions: (X= F CL. Br. 1) CHCH2Br+KI→→CH3CH2l+KBr -O-H Esterification(formation of an ester) with carboxylic acids: oxidation to aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic Carbonyl Reduction to yield alcohols; oxidation 4 O of aldehydes to yield carboxylic acids -O-H Carboxyl Esteritication with alcohols: reaction with phosphorus pe ield acid chlorides -O-R Ester Hydrolysis to yield acids and alcohols Amine Formation of ammonium salts with R acid (R=H or hydrocarbon)12.3 Organic molecules are classified by functional group (官能团) • 醇、酚、醚、 胺、酮、醛、 酰胺、羧酸、 酯