图 点缺陷 (a) (b) (c) Vacancy Insterstitial atom Small substitutianl atom (d) (e) (① Large substitutianl atom Frenkel Defect Schottky defect 材料科学与工程学院 8 School of Materials Science and Engineering材料科学与工程学院 School of Materials Science and Engineering 点缺陷 8 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Vacancy Insterstitial atom Small substitutianl atom Large substitutianl atom Frenkel Defect Schottky defect