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工程科学学报.第42卷,第10期:1343-1351.2020年10月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.42,No.10:1343-1351,October 2020 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.11.06.001;http://cje.ustb.edu.cn 组织形态对718塑料模具钢切削性能的影响 王宇斌,2),王勇1,2),陈旋2,吴晓春12)区 1)上海大学材料科学与工程学院,上海2004442)省部共建高品质特殊钢治金与制备国家重点实验室,上海200444 ☒通信作者,E-mail:wuxiaochun@tshu.edu.cn 摘要通过热处理制备出具有回火马氏体组织、下贝氏体组织以及粒状贝氏体组织的718钢,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子 显微镜、X射线衍射仪、万能拉伸实验机比较其显微组织及力学性能.同时借助高速铣削实验及光学轮廓仪,研究力学性能 以及组织结构对切削性能的影响.结果表明,当切削速度低于145mmi时,贝氏体组织类型比回火马氏体组织更易切削, 切削贝氏体组织比切削回火马氏体组织的刀具使用寿命高30%~40%.当切削速度高于165mmi时,马氏体组织发生了 加工软化现象,刀具使用寿命提高,切削性能上升.粒状贝氏体组织加工表面因为严重的刀具黏附而出现背脊纹路,马氏体 组织具有最佳的切削表面粗糙度.综合考虑之下,三种组织的综合切削性能从高到低排序为:下贝氏体组织、马氏体组织、粒 状贝氏体组织,采用300℃等温淬火工艺可以有效提升718塑料模具钢的综合切削性能 关键词显微组织:力学性能:加工硬化:刀具寿命:表面粗糙度 分类号TG547,TG161 Machinability analysis of microstructures in pre-hardening plastic mold steel 718 WANG Yu-bin2.WANG Yong2),CHEN Xuan2),WU Xiao-chun 1)School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China 2)State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China Corresponding author,E-mail:wuxiaochun@t.shu.edu.cn ABSTRACT Owing to strict dimension accuracy demands,pre-hardening treatment has been widely used in the mold for production of large plastic parts.However,the large volume of mold leads to the existence of tempered martensite and bainite structure on the cross section by pre-hardened heat treatment,and the uneven structure makes great influences on the cutting performance of the pre-hardening plastic mold steel.For service materials,machinability is affected by strength,work temperature,cutting conditions,plastic deformation, phase.Pioneering researchers tended to focus on the influences of temperature,cutting conditions and little is known about the effect of different microstructures in same materials.In this work,718 steels with tempered martensite,lower bainite and grain bainite structures were prepared by heat treatment.The microstructures and mechanical properties were characterized by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffractometer and universal tensile testing machine.Meanwhile,the effects of mechanical properties and structure on processing properties were studied by high-speed milling experiments and optical profilometer.The results show that when the cutting speed was lower than 145 m-min,the bainite was easier to cut than tempered martensite,and the life of tool cutting for bainite was 30%0%higher than life of tool cutting for tempered martensite.When the cutting speed was higher than 165 mmin, tempered martensite microstructure worked softening and the life of tool cutting for it increased,moreover,its workability advanced.The ridges were observed on the milling surface of grain bainite because of severe tool adhesion and tempered martensite structure has the best milling surface roughness.Under consideration,the comprehensive machinability of the three kinds of microstructure are ranked from high to low:lower bainite structure,martensite structure and granular bainite structure.The adoption of 300 C austempering 收稿日期:2019-11-06 基金项目:国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFB0300400,2016YFB0300404)组织形态对 718 塑料模具钢切削性能的影响 王宇斌1,2),王    勇1,2),陈    旋1,2),吴晓春1,2) 苣 1) 上海大学材料科学与工程学院,上海 200444    2) 省部共建高品质特殊钢冶金与制备国家重点实验室,上海 200444 苣通信作者,E-mail: wuxiaochun@t.shu.edu.cn 摘    要    通过热处理制备出具有回火马氏体组织、下贝氏体组织以及粒状贝氏体组织的 718 钢,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子 显微镜、X 射线衍射仪、万能拉伸实验机比较其显微组织及力学性能. 同时借助高速铣削实验及光学轮廓仪,研究力学性能 以及组织结构对切削性能的影响. 结果表明,当切削速度低于 145 m·min−1 时,贝氏体组织类型比回火马氏体组织更易切削, 切削贝氏体组织比切削回火马氏体组织的刀具使用寿命高 30%~40%. 当切削速度高于 165 m·min−1 时,马氏体组织发生了 加工软化现象,刀具使用寿命提高,切削性能上升. 粒状贝氏体组织加工表面因为严重的刀具黏附而出现背脊纹路,马氏体 组织具有最佳的切削表面粗糙度. 综合考虑之下,三种组织的综合切削性能从高到低排序为:下贝氏体组织、马氏体组织、粒 状贝氏体组织,采用 300 ℃ 等温淬火工艺可以有效提升 718 塑料模具钢的综合切削性能. 关键词    显微组织;力学性能;加工硬化;刀具寿命;表面粗糙度 分类号    TG547; TG161 Machinability analysis of microstructures in pre-hardening plastic mold steel 718 WANG Yu-bin1,2) ,WANG Yong1,2) ,CHEN Xuan1,2) ,WU Xiao-chun1,2) 苣 1) School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China 2) State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China 苣 Corresponding author, E-mail: wuxiaochun@t.shu.edu.cn ABSTRACT    Owing to strict dimension accuracy demands, pre-hardening treatment has been widely used in the mold for production of large plastic parts. However, the large volume of mold leads to the existence of tempered martensite and bainite structure on the cross section by pre-hardened heat treatment, and the uneven structure makes great influences on the cutting performance of the pre-hardening plastic mold steel. For service materials, machinability is affected by strength, work temperature, cutting conditions, plastic deformation, phase. Pioneering researchers tended to focus on the influences of temperature, cutting conditions and little is known about the effect of different microstructures in same materials. In this work, 718 steels with tempered martensite, lower bainite and grain bainite structures were  prepared  by  heat  treatment.  The  microstructures  and  mechanical  properties  were  characterized  by  optical  microscopy,  scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer and universal tensile testing machine. Meanwhile, the effects of mechanical properties and structure on processing properties were studied by high-speed milling experiments and optical profilometer. The results show that when the cutting speed was lower than 145 m·min−1, the bainite was easier to cut than tempered martensite, and the life of tool cutting for bainite was 30%‒40% higher than life of tool cutting for tempered martensite. When the cutting speed was higher than 165 m·min−1 , tempered martensite microstructure worked softening and the life of tool cutting for it increased, moreover, its workability advanced. The ridges were observed on the milling surface of grain bainite because of severe tool adhesion and tempered martensite structure has the best milling surface roughness. Under consideration, the comprehensive machinability of the three kinds of microstructure are ranked from high  to  low:  lower  bainite  structure,  martensite  structure  and  granular  bainite  structure.  The  adoption  of  300  ℃ austempering 收稿日期: 2019−11−06 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划资助项目 (2016YFB0300400,2016YFB0300404) 工程科学学报,第 42 卷,第 10 期:1343−1351,2020 年 10 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering, Vol. 42, No. 10: 1343−1351, October 2020 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.11.06.001; http://cje.ustb.edu.cn
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