SPSS Guide to Data Analysis Page 3 of 9 the "Percent Correct on a Test"variable were entered as 0.80,0.75,etc.,then the vest value should be entered as 0.78.If the data were entered as 90,75, etc.,then the test value should be entered as 78.In order to know how the data were entered,click on the Data File screen and look at the data for the dependent variable For Independent Groups T-Tests Analyze>Compare Means Independent-Samples T Test The Dependent Variable goes in the Test Variable box and the Independent variable goes in the Grouping Variable box. Click on Define Groups and define them.In order to know how to define them, click on Utilities>Variables.Click on the independent variable you are defining and see what numbers are under the value labels (i.e.usually it's either 0 and 1 or I and 2).If there are more than two numbers in the value labels then you cannot do a t-test unless you are using a specified cut-point(i.e.if there are four groups:1 =old women,2 young women,3=old men,4=young men,and you simply wanted to look at the differences between men and women,you could set a cut point at 2).If there are no numbers,you should be using a specified cut- point.If you have more than two numbers in the value label,or if you have no numbers in the value labels,and no cut-point has been specified on the final exam you are doing the wrong kind of test!!!! On the Output File:Remember,this is a t-test,so ignore the F value and the first significance value (Levene's Test).Also,ignore the equal variances not assumed row. Before accepting Ha,be sure to look at the means!!!If I predict that boys had a higher average correct on a test than girls and my t-test value is significant I may say,yes,boys got more correct than girls.However,this t-test could be significant because girls got significantly more correct than boys!!(Therefore,Ha was predicted in the wrong direction!)In order to know which group got significantly more correct than the other,I need to look at the means and see which one is bigger!！ For Repeated Measures (a.k.a Correlated Groups,Paired Samples)T-Test Analyze>Compare Means>Paired-Samples T Test ● Click on one variable and then click on a second variable and then click on the arrow that moves the pair of variables into the Paired Variables box.In order to make things easier on yourself,click your variables in,in order ofyour hypotheses.For example,ifyou are predicting that A is greater than B,click on A first.This way,you should expect that your t value will be positive.If the test is significant,but your t value is negative,it means that B was significantly greater than A!!(So Ha was predicted in the wrong direction and you should accept Ho). Ifyou are predicting that A is less than B,then click on A first.This way,youSPSS Guide to Data Analysis Page 3 of 9 the “Percent Correct on a Test” variable were entered as 0.80, 0.75, etc., then the vest value should be entered as 0.78. If the data were entered as 90, 75, etc., then the test value should be entered as 78. In order to know how the data were entered, click on the Data File screen and look at the data for the dependent variable. For Independent Groups T-Tests Analyze ‡ Compare Means ‡ Independent-Samples T Test · The Dependent Variable goes in the Test Variable box and the Independent variable goes in the Grouping Variable box. · Click on Define Groups and define them. In order to know how to define them, click on Utilities ‡ Variables. Click on the independent variable you are defining and see what numbers are under the value labels (i.e. usually it’s either 0 and 1 or 1 and 2). If there are more than two numbers in the value labels then you cannot do a t-test unless you are using a specified cut-point (i.e. if there are four groups: 1 = old women, 2 = young women, 3 = old men, 4 = young men, and you simply wanted to look at the differences between men and women, you could set a cut point at 2). If there are no numbers, you should be using a specified cut￾point. If you have more than two numbers in the value labels, or if you have no numbers in the value labels, and no cut-point has been specified on the final exam you are doing the wrong kind of test!!!! · On the Output File: Remember, this is a t-test, so ignore the F value and the first significance value (Levene ’s Test). Also, ignore the equal variances not assumed row. · Before accepting Ha, be sure to look at the means!!! If I predict that boys had a higher average correct on a test than girls and my t-test value is significant I may say, yes, boys got more correct than girls. However, this t-test could be significant because girls got significantly more correct than boys!! (Therefore, Ha was predicted in the wrong direction!) In order to know which group got significantly more correct than the other, I need to look at the means and see which one is bigger!! For Repeated Measures (a.k.a Correlated Groups, Paired Samples) T- Test Analyze ‡ Compare Means ‡ Paired-Samples T Test · Click on one variable and then click on a second variable and then click on the arrow that moves the pair of variables into the Paired Variables box. [In order to make things easier on yourself, click your variables in, in order of your hypotheses. For example, if you are predicting that A is greater than B, click on A first. This way, you should expect that your t value will be positive. If the test is significant, but your t value is negative, it means that B was significantly greater than A!! (So Ha was predicted in the wrong direction and you should accept Ho). If you are predicting that A is less than B, then click on A first. This way, you