The Grand challenge a Making effective use of multi- core hardware is the challenge for programming languages now. a Hardware is getting increasingly complicated Nested memory hierarchies Hybrid processors: GPU+ CPU, Cell, FPGA Massive compute power sitting mostly idle We need new programming models to program new commodity machines effectively Making effective use of multi-core hardware is the challenge for programming languages now.  Hardware is getting increasingly complicated: - Nested memory hierarchies - Hybrid processors: GPU + CPU, Cell, FPGA... - Massive compute power sitting mostly idle.  We need new programming models to program new commodity machines effectively