Scope of this lecture Root functions: for plant, soil and ecosystem Root structure and pathways for uptake of nutrients the symplast and apoplast Root architecture(结构) and morphology(形态) Responses of roots and root systems to environmental stress Root hairs and their functions Introduction to combined strategies for efficient nutrient uptake Carbon costs of root processes [if there is timelScope of this lecture • Root functions: for plant, soil and ecosystem • Root structure and pathways for uptake of nutrients: the symplast and apoplast • Root architecture(结构)and morphology(形态） • Responses of roots and root systems to environmental stress • Root hairs and their functions • Introduction to combined strategies for efficient nutrient uptake • Carbon costs of root processes [if there is time]