The Exceptions to Copyright Protection Scenes a faire doctrine If there is only one way,or a few ways,of saying something Saying something in that way is not protected Because copyrighting that way would deplete the commons 。Fair Use exception Small infringements cost more to transact over than they are worth And some uses are believed to produce positive externalities,so implicitly subsidized at the expense of the copyright holder By treating(some)educational and scientific uses as fair use But there is a problem of fuzzy bordersThe Exceptions to Copyright Protection • Scenes a faire doctrine • If there is only one way, or a few ways, of saying something • Saying something in that way is not protected • Because copyrighting that way would deplete the commons • Fair Use exception • Small infringements cost more to transact over than they are worth • And some uses are believed to produce positive externalities, so implicitly subsidized at the expense of the copyright holder • By treating (some) educational and scientific uses as fair use • But there is a problem of fuzzy borders