xiv Contents 13.1 Green functions 343 出he 345 349 1 13.1.3 The free Green function in general dimensions 351 131.4Exp sion in powers ofH 352 1 13.2 Metastable state 1 The ifetime 358 13.2.3 Formal treatment 361 1 13.3 Examples 368 13.3.1 Discrete-continuum coupling 368 13.4 Complex scale transformations 370 13.4.1 Analytic continuation 372 13.5 Applications and examples 13.5.1 Resonances in he 375 1 The potential 375 16 .5.3The ntial;the Lo Surdo-Stark effect376 Furthe ded pot Numerical analyses 14 Electro agnetic interaction 381 14.1Th rged particle n an electromagnetic field 38 14.1.1 Classical particle 381 14.1.2 Quantum particles in electromagnetic fields 383 14.1.3 Dipole and quadrupole interactions 385 14.1.4 Magnetic interactions 14.1.5 Relativistic corrections:LS coupling 388 14.1.6 Hyperfine interactions 390 14.2 The Aharonov-Bohm effect 392 14.2.1 Superconductors 395 1" 14.3 The Landau levels 397 143.The quantum Hall efect Problems Numerical analyses 404 15 Atoms 405 15.1 Electronic configurations 5 15.1.1 The ionization potential 408 15.1.2 The spectrum of alkali metals 410 15.1.3 X ravs 15.2 The Hartree approximation 15.2.1 Self-consistent fields and the variational principle 415 15.2.2 Some results 417 15.3 Multiplets 418