效绵熟 Introduction "WX"ensures that no memory location in a process image is marked both writable ("W")and executable ("X").With "WX",there is no location in memory into which the attacker can inject code to execute. Now that the attackers cannot inject code,their response was to use,for their own purposes,code that already exists in the process image they are attacking 2023/2/7 32023/2/7 3 Introduction ⚫ "W⊕X" ensures that no memory location in a process image is marked both writable ("W") and executable ("X"). With "W⊕X", there is no location in memory into which the attacker can inject code to execute. ⚫ Now that the attackers cannot inject code, their response was to use, for their own purposes, code that already exists in the process image they are attacking