and commends and rewards model and advanced workers.The State encourages citizens to take part in voluntary labor. The state provides necessary vocational training for citizens before they are employed. Article 43.Right to rest Working people in the People's Republic of China have the right to rest. The state expands facilities for the rest and recuperation of the working people and prescribes working hours and vacations for workers and staff. Article 44.Protection of retirement The state applies the system of retirement for workers and staff of enterprises and institutions and for functionaries of organs of state according to law.The livelihood of retried personnel is ensured by the state and society. Article 45.Protection of old,ill,disabled Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the right to material assistance from the state and society when they are old,ill or disabled. The state develops social insurance,social relief and medical and health services that are required for citizens to enjoy this right. The state and society ensure the livelihood of disabled members of the armed forces,provides pensions to the families of martyrs and gives preferential treatment to the families of military personnel. The state and society help make arrangements for the work,livelihood and education of the blind,deaf-mutes and other handicapped citizens. Article 46.Right to and duty of education Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the right as well as the duty to receive education. The state promotes the all-round development of children and young people, morally,intellectually and physically. Article 47.Right to pursue art,science Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the freedom to engage in scientific research,literary and artistic creation and other cultural 88 and commends and rewards model and advanced workers. The State encourages citizens to take part in voluntary labor. The state provides necessary vocational training for citizens before they are employed. Article 43. Right to rest Working people in the People's Republic of China have the right to rest. The state expands facilities for the rest and recuperation of the working people and prescribes working hours and vacations for workers and staff. Article 44. Protection of retirement The state applies the system of retirement for workers and staff of enterprises and institutions and for functionaries of organs of state according to law. The livelihood of retried personnel is ensured by the state and society. Article 45. Protection of old, ill, disabled Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the right to material assistance from the state and society when they are old, ill or disabled. The state develops social insurance, social relief and medical and health services that are required for citizens to enjoy this right. The state and society ensure the livelihood of disabled members of the armed forces, provides pensions to the families of martyrs and gives preferential treatment to the families of military personnel. The state and society help make arrangements for the work, livelihood and education of the blind, deaf-mutes and other handicapped citizens. Article 46. Right to and duty of education Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the right as well as the duty to receive education. The state promotes the all-round development of children and young people, morally, intellectually and physically. Article 47. Right to pursue art, science Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the freedom to engage in scientific research, literary and artistic creation and other cultural