本单元专业词汇Professional Vocabulary l.instructional system:system means a group of interacting(互相作用，互相影响) interrelated(使相互关连)，or interdependent(相互依赖的，互助的)elements forming a complex whole.Instructional system is a special system,so it's also composed of several different elements.Those elements are indirectly,and work together to accomplish the same goal 2.synchronous::occurring or existing at the same time;同步：asynchronous::不同步 3.Packaged instruction教学包 4.cooperative learning:Cooperative leaming was proposed in response to traditional curiculum-driven education.In cooperative learing environments, students interact in purposely structured heterogeneous group to support the leaming of one self and others in the same group 区分：Cooperative Learning、Competitive Learning和collaborative learning 5.Game:A model ofa competitive situation that identifies interested parties and stipulates rules govering all aspects of the competition,used in game theory to determine the optimal course of action for an interested party. 6.frame game:结构化游戏（游戏的原型） 7.simulation:A simulation is an imitation of some real thing.state of affairs,or process.The act of simulating something generally entails representing certain key characteristics or behaviours of a selected physical or abstract system.Representation of the operation or features of one process or system through the use of another Simulation is used in many contexts,including the modeling of natural systems or human systems in order to gain insight into their functioning.Other contexts include simulation of technology for performance optimization,safety engineering.testing training and education.Simulation can be used to show the eventual real effectsof altemative conditionsand courses of action.本单元专业词汇 Professional Vocabulary 1.instructional system: system means a group of interacting(互相作用, 互相影响), interrelated(使相互关连), or interdependent(相互依赖的, 互助的) elements forming a complex whole. Instructional system is a special system, so it’s also composed of several different elements. Those elements are indirectly, and work together to accomplish the same goal. 2. synchronous: occurring or existing at the same time;同步；asynchronous: 不同步 3. Packaged instruction 教学包 4.cooperative learning: Cooperative learning was proposed in response to 适应 traditional curriculum-driven education. In cooperative learning environments, students interact in purposely structured heterogeneous 异类的 group to support the learning of one self and others in the same group. 区分：Cooperative Learning、Competitive Learning 和 collaborative learning 5. Game: A model of a competitive situation that identifies interested parties and stipulates rules governing all aspects of the competition, used in game theory to determine the optimal course of action for an interested party. 6.frame game: 结构化游戏（游戏的原型） 7.simulation: A simulation is an imitation 模仿 of some real thing, state of affairs, or process. The act of simulating something generally entails representing certain key characteristics or behaviours of a selected physical or abstract system. Representation of the operation or features of one process or system through the use of another. Simulation is used in many contexts, including the modeling of natural systems or human systems in order to gain insight into their functioning. Other contexts include simulation of technology for performance optimization, safety engineering, testing, training and education. Simulation can be used to show the eventual real effects of alternative conditions and courses of action