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(6) In order to facilitate the establishment of the international regime referred to in Paragraph 5 of this Article, states parties shall inform the Secretary General of the United Nations as well as the public and the international scientific community, to the greatest extent feasible and practicable, of any natural es they may discover on the me (7) The main purposes of the international regime to be established sha a) The orderly and safe development of the natural resources of the mool (b) The rational management of these resources (c) The expansion of opportunities in the use of those resources (d)An equitable sharing by all states parties in the benefits derived from those resources, whereby the interests and needs of the developing countries, as well as the efforts of those countries which have contributed either directly or indirectly to the exploration of the moon, shall be given special consideration The Moon Treaty introduced the "common heritage of mankind [sic]"principle. Th essentially said that the moon could not be appropriated or claimed by any individual or states parties, and Paragraphs 5 and 7d indicate that there will be an equitable distribution to all countries of the benefits of those lunar resources controlled by the future international regime. "Thus, even though national appropriation of the moon prohibited, and even though the surface and the subsurface of the moon cannot become property of the various listed entities, numerous activities which are usually associated with appropriation and property rights are explicitly allowed The United States believed that this limitation on appropriation would be detrimental to its economy because it was contrary to the economic interests of the U.S. and of other countries with a free enterprise system. Senators at the time, being prodded by aerospace companies with interests in future resource mining on the moon, voiced their concerns to the Secretary of State, Cyrus Vance. Vance took an interpretation of the treaty that was typical of the US view at that time: that resource appropriation and ownership is actually permitted by the Moon Treaty, and that limitations on resource exploitation only apply to natural resources when they are in their natural place. However, many other people disagreed with the U.S. view. The other primary school of interpretation on Article XI that it expressly did not provide anyone with the authority to remove natural resources from their place, and thus natural resources could not be owned by any states These two different ways of interpretation of the Moon Treaty resulted in two camps one which included the U.S., the former Soviet Union and other spacefaring nations;and one which included developing countries, particularly those lacking space capabilities Ultimately, this bifurcation on the interpretation of Article XI lead to the relative failure of the Moon Agreement, with failure being defined as no major space power(save France) having ratified the agreement to date. Though the Moon Agreement is unlikely(6) In order to facilitate the establishment of the international regime referred to in Paragraph 5 of this Article, states parties shall inform the Secretary￾General of the United Nations as well as the public and the international scientific community, to the greatest extent feasible and practicable, of any natural resources they may discover on the moon. (7) The main purposes of the international regime to be established shall include; a) The orderly and safe development of the natural resources of the moon; (b) The rational management of these resources; (c) The expansion of opportunities in the use of those resources; (d) An equitable sharing by all states parties in the benefits derived from those resources, whereby the interests and needs of the developing countries, as well as the efforts of those countries, which have contributed either directly or indirectly to the exploration of the moon, shall be given special consideration." The Moon Treaty introduced the "common heritage of mankind [sic]" principle. This essentially said that the moon could not be appropriated or claimed by any individual or states parties, and Paragraphs 5 and 7d indicate that there will be an equitable distribution to all countries of the benefits of those lunar resources controlled by the future international regime. "Thus, even though national appropriation of the moon is prohibited, and even though the surface and the subsurface of the moon cannot become property of the various listed entities, numerous activities which are usually associated with appropriation and property rights are explicitly allowed." The United States believed that this limitation on appropriation would be detrimental to its economy because it was contrary to the economic interests of the U.S. and of other countries with a free enterprise system. Senators at the time, being prodded by aerospace companies with interests in future resource mining on the moon, voiced their concerns to the Secretary of State, Cyrus Vance. Vance took an interpretation of the treaty that was typical of the US view at that time: that resource appropriation and ownership is actually permitted by the Moon Treaty, and that limitations on resource exploitation only apply to natural resources when they are in their natural place. However, many other people disagreed with the U.S. view. The other primary school of interpretation on Article XI was that it expressly did not provide anyone with the authority to remove natural resources from their place, and thus natural resources could not be owned by any states parties. These two different ways of interpretation of the Moon Treaty resulted in two camps emerging: one which included the U.S., the former Soviet Union and other spacefaring nations; and one which included developing countries, particularly those lacking space capabilities. Ultimately, this bifurcation on the interpretation of Article XI lead to the relative failure of the Moon Agreement, with failure being defined as no major space power (save France) having ratified the Agreement to date. Though the Moon Agreement is unlikely
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