第36卷第12期 北京科技大学学报 Vol.36 No.12 2014年12月 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Dec.2014 双缓冲腔环形间隙对凿岩机缓冲系统动态特性的影响 李叶林，马飞区，耿晓光 北京科技大学机械工程学院，北京100083 ☒通信作者，E-mail:ycke@usth.edu.cn 摘要分析了液压凿岩机双缓冲系统的结构特点，应用孔口节流理论确定了缓冲活塞的静平衡位置，基于应力波传递原理 得到了缓冲活塞的回弹速度，考虑油液的压缩特性推导出一级缓冲腔压力公式，由间隙流量公式得到了二级缓冲腔压力，在 此基础上建立了缓冲活塞的运动微分方程.应用Mtlb工具对双缓冲系统的动态特性进行了仿真，分析了不同环形间隙下缓 冲活塞的运动规律，探讨了环形间隙对一级和二级缓冲腔压力的影响.提出与环形间隙和活塞最大行程的比值相关的间隙行 程系数刀.仿真结果表明，间隙行程系数与双缓冲系统的特性密切相关，存在最优范围.搭建了实验台，通过实验对缓冲系统 的数学模型进行了验证 关键词液压凿岩机：缓冲腔：间隙：动态特性：回弹 分类号TH123 Effect of annular clearance inside the double damping chamber on the dynamic characteristics of a rock drill damping system LI Ye-Hin,MA Fei,GENG Xiao-guang School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China Corresponding author,E-mail:veke@ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT The structure characteristic of the double damping system in a hydraulic rock drill was analyzed.The static balance position of the damping piston was determined by using the orifice flow law.The rebound velocity of the damping piston was derived from the transmitting principle of stress waves.The pressure equation of the Ist order damping chamber was deduced by considering the compressibility of hydraulic oil.The pressure of the 2nd order damping chamber was gained according to the equation of clearance flow rate.The motion differential equation of the damping piston was established based on these above foundations.The dynamic character- istics of the double damping system were simulated in Matlab.The movement laws of the damping piston were analyzed in different annular clearances.The relationships between annular clearance and the pressure in the Ist order and 2nd order damping chambers were discussed.The clearance-stroke coefficient was proposed,which was related to the ratio of annular clearance to maximum damping piston stroke.Simulation results show that the clearance-stroke coefficient is closely related to the damping system characteristics and has an optimal range.The mathematical model of the damping system was verified on the test platform. KEY WORDS hydraulic rock drills;damping chamber:clearance;dynamic characteristics;rebound 液压凿岩机作为旋转冲击式钻孔设备，广泛用 会有部分应力波从钻杆与岩石的接触面反射回钻 于矿山和隧道的凿岩作业.在凿岩过程中，其冲击 杆，此时钻杆便会发生回弹现象.回弹现象使钎尾 活塞撞击钎尾，通过钎尾以及与之相连接的钻杆将 直接撞击在凿岩机缸体上，对凿岩机内部结构造成 活塞的动能以应力波的形式传递给岩石，达到破碎 破坏.同时，产生的强烈振动，影响凿岩机密封圈以 岩石的目的0.由于岩石与钻杆的阻抗不同，必然 及连接螺栓的寿命回 收稿日期：201405-22 基金项目：国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目(2011AA060401) DOI:10.13374/j.issn1001-053x.2014.12.015:http://journals.ustb.edu.cn第 36 卷 第 12 期 2014 年 12 月 北京科技大学学报 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol． 36 No． 12 Dec． 2014 双缓冲腔环形间隙对凿岩机缓冲系统动态特性的影响 李叶林，马 飞，耿晓光 北京科技大学机械工程学院，北京 100083  通信作者，E-mail: yeke@ ustb． edu． cn 摘 要 分析了液压凿岩机双缓冲系统的结构特点，应用孔口节流理论确定了缓冲活塞的静平衡位置，基于应力波传递原理 得到了缓冲活塞的回弹速度，考虑油液的压缩特性推导出一级缓冲腔压力公式，由间隙流量公式得到了二级缓冲腔压力，在 此基础上建立了缓冲活塞的运动微分方程． 应用 Matlab 工具对双缓冲系统的动态特性进行了仿真，分析了不同环形间隙下缓 冲活塞的运动规律，探讨了环形间隙对一级和二级缓冲腔压力的影响． 提出与环形间隙和活塞最大行程的比值相关的间隙行 程系数 η． 仿真结果表明，间隙行程系数与双缓冲系统的特性密切相关，存在最优范围． 搭建了实验台，通过实验对缓冲系统 的数学模型进行了验证． 关键词 液压凿岩机; 缓冲腔; 间隙; 动态特性; 回弹 分类号 TH123 Effect of annular clearance inside the double damping chamber on the dynamic characteristics of a rock drill damping system LI Ye-lin，MA Fei ，GENG Xiao-guang School of Mechanical Engineering，University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing 100083，China  Corresponding author，E-mail: yeke@ ustb． edu． cn ABSTＲACT The structure characteristic of the double damping system in a hydraulic rock drill was analyzed． The static balance position of the damping piston was determined by using the orifice flow law． The rebound velocity of the damping piston was derived from the transmitting principle of stress waves． The pressure equation of the 1st order damping chamber was deduced by considering the compressibility of hydraulic oil． The pressure of the 2nd order damping chamber was gained according to the equation of clearance flow rate． The motion differential equation of the damping piston was established based on these above foundations． The dynamic character￾istics of the double damping system were simulated in Matlab． The movement laws of the damping piston were analyzed in different annular clearances． The relationships between annular clearance and the pressure in the 1st order and 2nd order damping chambers were discussed． The clearance-stroke coefficient was proposed，which was related to the ratio of annular clearance to maximum damping piston stroke． Simulation results show that the clearance-stroke coefficient is closely related to the damping system characteristics and has an optimal range． The mathematical model of the damping system was verified on the test platform． KEY WOＲDS hydraulic rock drills; damping chamber; clearance; dynamic characteristics; rebound 收稿日期: 2014--05--22 基金项目: 国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目( 2011AA060401) DOI: 10． 13374 /j． issn1001--053x． 2014． 12． 015; http: / /journals． ustb． edu． cn 液压凿岩机作为旋转冲击式钻孔设备，广泛用 于矿山和隧道的凿岩作业． 在凿岩过程中，其冲击 活塞撞击钎尾，通过钎尾以及与之相连接的钻杆将 活塞的动能以应力波的形式传递给岩石，达到破碎 岩石的目的［1］． 由于岩石与钻杆的阻抗不同，必然 会有部分应力波从钻杆与岩石的接触面反射回钻 杆，此时钻杆便会发生回弹现象． 回弹现象使钎尾 直接撞击在凿岩机缸体上，对凿岩机内部结构造成 破坏． 同时，产生的强烈振动，影响凿岩机密封圈以 及连接螺栓的寿命［2］．