U avG uLiC丿auya。Lsy 3 did)(1) Present perfect When we talk about something that happened in the past, but we don' t specify precisely when it happened (perhaps we don't know, or it is not important to say when it happened), we use the present perfect(but see e below) A French yachtsman has broken the record for sailing round the world single-handed I have complained about the traffic before When we use the present perfect, it suggests some kind of connection between what happened in the past, and the present time. Often we are interested in the way that something that happened in the past affects the situation that exists now. I've washed my hands so that I can help you with the cooking We can't go ahead with the meeting, because very few people have shown any interest. The connection with the present may also be that something happened recently, with a onsequence for the present r've found the letter you were looking for. Here it is My ceiling has fallen in and the kitchen is flooded. Come quickly! When we talk about how long an existing situation has lasted, even if we don 't give a precise length of time, we use the present perfect(but see F below) They,ve grown such a lot since we last saw them Prices have fallen sharply over the past six months We've recently started to walk to work instead of taking the bus We often use the present perfect to say that an action or event has been repeated a number of times up to now(see also Unit 4B) They've been to Chile three times I've often wished Id learned to read music When we want to indicate that something happened at a specific time in the past, we use the past simple. We can either say when it happ using a time adverb or assume that the hearer already knows when it happened or can understand this from the context She arrived at Kennedy airport at 2 o' clock this morning Jane left just a few minutes ago Jim decided to continue the course, even though it was proving very difficult. We use the past simple for situations that existed for a period of time in the past, but not now: When I was younger I played badminton for my local team he Pharaohs ruled Egypt for thousands of years If we are interested in when a present situation began rather than how long it has been going for, we use the past simple. Compare I started to get the pains three weeks ago..I've had the pains for three weeks now When did you arrive in Britain? How long have you been in Britain? However, we also use the past simple to talk about how long something went on for if the action or event is no longer going on(see also Unit 4C) I stayed with my grandparents for six months. I am no longer staying there He spent some time in Paris when he was younger. 'How long did he live there? esertpetedampastsmple ad③和四wm45Rata血 asadpestsmp→圆T6p ( i did ) (1 ) p e l idU L [i nav e uunc ; an u pao i ) Present perfect When we talk about something that happened in the past, but we don't specify precisely when it happened (perhaps we don't know, or it is not important to say when it happened), we use the present perfect (but see E below): • A French yachtsman has broken the record for sailing round the world single-handed. • I have complained about the traffic before. When we use the present perfect, it suggests some kind of connection between what happened in the past, and the present time. Often we are interested in the way that something that happened in the past affects the situation that exists now: • I've washed my hands so that I can help you with the cooking. • We can't go ahead with the meeting, because very few people have shown any interest. The connection with the present may also be that something happened recently, with a consequence for the present: • I've found the letter you were looking for. Here it is. • My ceiling has fallen in and the kitchen is flooded. Come quickly! When we talk about how long an existing situation has lasted, even if we don't give a precise length of time, we use the present perfect (but see F below): • They've grown such a lot since we last saw them. • Prices have fallen sharply over the past six months. • We've recently started to walk to work instead of taking the bus. We often use the present perfect to say that an action or event has been repeated a number of times up to now (see also Unit 4B): • They've been to Chile three times. • I've often wished I'd learned to read music. Past simple When we want to indicate that something happened at a specific time in the past, we use the past simple. We can either say when it happened, using a time adverb, or assume that the hearer already knows when it happened or can understand this from the context: • She arrived at Kennedy Airport at 2 o'clock this morning. • Jane left just a few minutes ago. • Jim decided to continue the course, even though it was proving very difficult. We use the past simple for situations that existed for a period of time in the past, but not now: • When I was younger I played badminton for my local team. • The Pharaohs ruled Egypt for thousands of years. If we are interested in when a present situation began rather than how long it has been going on for, we use the past simple. Compare: • I started to get the pains three weeks ago. • I've had the pains for three weeks now. a • When did you arrive in Britain? • How long have you been in Britain? •However, we also use the past simple to talk about how long something went on for if the action or event is no longer going on (see also Unit 4C): • I stayed with my grandparents for six months. (= I am no longer staying there) • 'He spent some time in Paris when he was younger.' 'How long did he live there?' Present perfect and past simple (2) and (3) = Past continuous and past simple =