The reasons of holding inventories Act as a buffer between production and selling processes产和销售之间的缓冲 Unexpected changes in customer demand消费者需 求的不确定性 The short life cycle of an increasing number of products. The presence of many competing products in the marketplace. Uncertainty in the quantity and quality of the supply, supplier costs and delivery times.供应数量 和质量供应商的成本和交付时间的不确定性 Delivery Lead Time, Capacity limitations交付提前 期容量限制 - Economies of scale( transportation cost)规模经济9-8 The reasons of holding inventories – Act as a buffer between production and selling processes 生产和销售之间的缓冲 – Unexpected changes in customer demand消费者需 求的不确定性 The short life cycle of an increasing number of products. The presence of many competing products in the marketplace. – Uncertainty in the quantity and quality of the supply, supplier costs and delivery times. 供应数量 和质量,供应商的成本和交付时间的不确定性 – Delivery Lead Time, Capacity limitations 交付提前 期,容量限制 – Economies of scale (transportation cost) 规模经济