art Failure Inotropes, digoxin Reduced cardiac output 阝 blockers, digoxin Sympathetic nervous s Renin n system activation Elevated cardiac filling pressures Vasodilators Angiotensin I Vasoconstriction ACE inhibitors Angiotensin II I Sodium and water retention ARBs Diuretics Aldosterone Spironolactone Mo Cardiac v Remodeling