CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the Human body Brain Cranial Mediastinum Abdominopelvic Abdominal Pelvic Figure 1.16 The principal body cavities.(a)An anterior view and (b)a midsagittal view. 1. 19 What are visceral organs? Visceral organs, or viscera, are those that are located within the anterior body cavity. Viscera of the thoracic cavity include the heart and lungs. Viscera of the abdominal cavity include the stomach, small intestine and large intestine, spleen, liver, and gallbladder 1.20 Where are the pleural and pericardial cavities? The thoracic cavity is partitioned into two pleural cavities, one for each lung, and the pericardial cavity, surrounding the heart the area between the two lungs is known as the medlastinum 1. 21 What is the clinical significance of the thoracic organs being in separate compartments? Because each thoracic organ is positioned in its own compartment, trauma is minimized, and the risk of disease spreading from one organ to another is reduced. Although the lungs function together, they also ork independently. Trauma may cause one lung to collapse, but the other will remain functional. Objective J To discuss the types and functions of the various body membranes. Body membranes are composed of thin layers of connective and epithelial tissue. They to organs principal types are mucous membranes and serous membranes 1.22 What are the functions of mucous membranes? Mucous membranes secrete a thick, viscid substance, called mucus, that lubricates and protects the body rgans where it is secreted 1.23 Which of the following organs are lined, at least in part, with mucous membranes:(a) the trachea, (b)the stomach, (c)the uterus, (d)the mouth and nose? The inside walls of all the organs listed are lined with mucous membranes. Mucus in the nasal cavity and trachea traps airborne particles, mucus in the oral cavity prevents desiccation(drying), mucus coats the epithelial lining of the stomach to protect against digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid, and mucus in the uterus protects against the entry of pathogens1.19 What are visceral organs? Visceral organs, or viscera, are those that are located within the anterior body cavity. Viscera of the thoracic cavity include the heart and lungs. Viscera of the abdominal cavity include the stomach, small intestine and large intestine, spleen, liver, and gallbladder. 1.20 Where are the pleural and pericardial cavities? The thoracic cavity is partitioned into two pleural cavities, one for each lung, and the pericardial cavity, surrounding the heart. The area between the two lungs is known as the medlastinum. 1.21 What is the clinical significance of the thoracic organs being in separate compartments? Because each thoracic organ is positioned in its own compartment, trauma is minimized, and the risk of disease spreading from one organ to another is reduced. Although the lungs function together, they also work independently. Trauma may cause one lung to collapse, but the other will remain functional. Objective J To discuss the types and functions of the various body membranes. Body membranes are composed of thin layers of connective and epithelial tissue. They serve to cover, protect, lubricate, separate, or support visceral organs or to line body cavities. The two principal types are mucous membranes and serous membranes. 1.22 What are the functions of mucous membranes? Mucous membranes secrete a thick, viscid substance, called mucus, that lubricates and protects the body organs where it is secreted. 1.23 Which of the following organs are lined, at least in part, with mucous membranes: (a) the trachea, (b) the stomach, (c) the uterus, (d) the mouth and nose? The inside walls of all the organs listed are lined with mucous membranes. Mucus in the nasal cavity and trachea traps airborne particles, mucus in the oral cavity prevents desiccation (drying), mucus coats the epithelial lining of the stomach to protect against digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid, and mucus in the uterus protects against the entry of pathogens. 10 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the Human Body Figure 1.16 The principal body cavities. (a) An anterior view and (b) a midsagittal view. Survey