SUPERSTRINGS AND OTHER THINGS 24 ELEMENTARY PARTICLES Antimatter The fundamental forces 555 Exchange forces Particle classification: Hadrons and leptons Strange particles Quark Pioneers of physics: Gell-Mann's quark Particles with charm 25 SUPERFORCE: EINSTEIN'S DREAM 571 Global and local symmetries The electroweak unification The color force GUTs. the third unification The creation of the universe The first moments of the universe The frontiers of physics: The cosmic background explorer 594 Appendix A POWERS OF TEN Appendix B THE ELEMENTS AppendixC NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS IN PHYSICS Appendix D PHYSICS TIME-LINE Glo Inde XIV1B / * / 667 " 667 !" ! 666 +& ! 665 66= -8 6;3 % 6;7 & 6;6 F' 6;6 %" & @ 3 6;A % " 6;A 16 . 8 C * 653 "" 653 "" 657 %' - 656 ! 6A3 ) - 6AB "" & 6A6 ! 6AA - "" ! 6=3 $ $ ! 3 9 6=B + < . 6=; + 0 / * 6== + 0 / G < ;21 + * ( / ;2A ;36 + ;71 +