324 SECTION 4 Public Health Table 26-4 Overview of Community-Level Theories of Behavior Change The Key Fac Community organization Community-driven approaches to assessing and solving health and social problems Diffusion of innovations How new ideas, products, and practices spread Relative advantage thin a society or from one society to another Communication theory How different types of communication affect Media agenda sett health behavio Public oblem identification and definitio From Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K: Health behavior and health education: theor, research, and practice, Bethesda, Md, National Cancer Institute at National Institutes of Health2008.https://www.cancer-gow/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/theory.pdf Table 26-5 Application of Haddon Countermeasures to Gun Injury and Cancer Prevention Preventing Injury by Handguns Preventing Cancer Associated with Smoking 1. Prevent the creation of the hazard. Limit the number of handguns lume of tobacco production by changing lowed to be sold or purchased. 3. Prevent the release of the hazard nstall locks on handgun tobacco to certain age groups. 4. Modify the rate of release of the op cigarettes that bu 5. Separate the hazard from Store handguns only at gun clubs Establish shutoff times for vending machines and earlier to be protected by time eather than at closings of convenience stores and groceries. 6. Separate the hazard from th Keep guns in locked containers. Install filters on o be protected by a physical barrier 7. Modify relevant basic qualities of the onalize guns so they can be Reduce the nicotine content of cigarettes. Limit exposure to other potential sy 9, Begin to counter the Provide good access to emergency Set up screening to deter tal carcinogens)among smokers the early stages. pair, and rehabilitate the Provide high-quality trauma ca Provide good-quality health care for cancer patients. object of damage Modified from Runyan CW: Epidemio! Rev 25: 64/64, 2003 pplicable to harmful behaviors such as smoking( programs for poor women, and interventions to change 26-5). Structural interventions for patients with rmful sexual norms infection have been categorized into the following 3. Harm reduction or health-seeking behavior change. These approaches work to make harm reduction tech ologies available to those in need and to change rules, 1. Social change. These approaches focus on factors affe services,and attitudes about these technologies. Examples ing multiple groups(e. g, a region or country as a whole include efforts to provide safe housing for drug users and such as legal reform, stigma reduction, and efforts to cul . 00%condom use"campaigns tivate strong leadership on acquired immunodeficiency yndrome(AIDS) e interaction 2. Change within specific groups. These approaches address behavior and environment (such as those just social structures that create vulnerability among specific allows planners to think through the interaction of people, populations (e.g, men who have sex with men, mine harmful substances, and their environment. It opens up workers, disadvantaged women). Examples include efforts new ways of thinking about prevention in a more compre to organize and mobilize sex workers, microfinance hensive way