Acknowledgments Thanks go first and foremost to our students.Not We thank Susan J.Baserga and Erica A.Champion a word was written or an illustration constructed of the Yale University School of Medicine for their without the knowledge that bright,engaged students outstanding contributions in the sixth edition's revi- would immediately detect vagueness and ambiguity. sion of Chapter 29.We also especially thank those We also thank our colleagues who supported,advised, who served as reviewers for this new edition.Their instructed,and simply bore with us during this arduous thoughtful comments,suggestions,and encourage- task.We are also grateful to our colleagues through- ment have been of immense help to us in maintain- out the world who patiently answered our questions ing the excellence of the preceding editions.These and shared their insights into recent developments. reviewers are: Fareed Aboul-Ela Paul Hager M.Kazem Mostafapour Louisiana State University East Carolina University University of Michigan,Dearborn Paul Adams Frans Huijing Duarte Mota de Freitas University of Arkansas,Fayetteville University of Miami Loyola University of Chicago Kevin Ahern Nitin Jain Stephen Munroe Oregon State University University of Tennessee Marquette University Edward Behrman Gerwald Jogl Xiaping Pan Ohio State University Brown University East Carolina University Donald Beitz Kelly Johanson Scott Pattison lowa State University Xavier University of Louisiana Ball State University Sanford Bernstein Todd Johnson Stefan Paula San Diego State University Weber State University Northern Kentucky University Martin Brock Michael Kalafatis David Pendergrass Easter Kentucky University Cleveland State University University of Kansas W.Malcom Byrnes Mark Kearly Reuben Peters Howard University College of Medicine Florida State University lowa State University C.Britt Carlson Sung-Kun Kim Wendy Pogozelski Brookdale Community College Baylor University State University of New York,Geneseo Geraldine Prody Graham Carpenter Roger Koeppe Vanderbilt University University of Arkansas,Fayetteville Western Washington University Jun Chung Dmitry Kolpashchikov Greg Raner Louisiana State University University of Central Florida University of North Carolina,Greensboro Michael Cusanovich Joshua Rausch John Koontz Elmhurst College University of Arizona University of Tennessee David Daleke Glen Legge Tanea Reed Eastern Kentucky University Indiana University University of Houston, Lori Robins Margaret Daugherty University Park California Polytechnic University,San Luis Colorado College John Stephen Lodmell Obispo Dan Davis University of Montana Douglas Root University of Arkansas,Fayetteville Timothy Logan University of North Texas Mary Farwell Florida State University Theresa Salerno East Carolina University Michael Massiah Minnesota State University,Mankato Brent Feske Oklahoma State University Scott Samuels Armstrong Atlantic University Diana McGill University of Montana,Missoula Wilson Francisco Northern Kentucky University Benjamin Sandler Arizona State University Michael Mendenhall Oklahoma State University Masaya Fujita University of Kentucky Joel Schildbach University of Houston,University Park David Merkler Johns Hopkins University Peter Gegenheimer University of South Florida Hua Shi University of Kansas Gary Merrill State University of New York,University John Goers Oregon State University at Albany California Polytechnic University,San Debra Moriarity Kerry Smith Luis Obispo University of Alabama,Huntsville Clemson University Neena Grover Patricia Moroney Robert Stach Colorado College Louisiana State University University of Michigan,Flint xiiixiii Thanks go first and foremost to our students. Not a word was written or an illustration constructed without the knowledge that bright, engaged students would immediately detect vagueness and ambiguity. We also thank our colleagues who supported, advised, instructed, and simply bore with us during this arduous task. We are also grateful to our colleagues through￾out the world who patiently answered our questions and shared their insights into recent developments. We thank Susan J. Baserga and Erica A. Champion of the Yale University School of Medicine for their outstanding contributions in the sixth edition’s revi￾sion of Chapter 29. We also especially thank those who served as reviewers for this new edition. Their thoughtful comments, suggestions, and encourage￾ment have been of immense help to us in maintain￾ing the excellence of the preceding editions. These reviewers are: Acknowledgments Fareed Aboul-Ela Louisiana State University Paul Adams University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Kevin Ahern Oregon State University Edward Behrman Ohio State University Donald Beitz Iowa State University Sanford Bernstein San Diego State University Martin Brock Eastern Kentucky University W. Malcom Byrnes Howard University College of Medicine C. Britt Carlson Brookdale Community College Graham Carpenter Vanderbilt University Jun Chung Louisiana State University Michael Cusanovich University of Arizona David Daleke Indiana University Margaret Daugherty Colorado College Dan Davis University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Mary Farwell East Carolina University Brent Feske Armstrong Atlantic University Wilson Francisco Arizona State University Masaya Fujita University of Houston, University Park Peter Gegenheimer University of Kansas John Goers California Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo Neena Grover Colorado College Paul Hager East Carolina University Frans Huijing University of Miami Nitin Jain University of Tennessee Gerwald Jogl Brown University Kelly Johanson Xavier University of Louisiana Todd Johnson Weber State University Michael Kalafatis Cleveland State University Mark Kearly Florida State University Sung-Kun Kim Baylor University Roger Koeppe University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Dmitry Kolpashchikov University of Central Florida John Koontz University of Tennessee Glen Legge University of Houston, University Park John Stephen Lodmell University of Montana Timothy Logan Florida State University Michael Massiah Oklahoma State University Diana McGill Northern Kentucky University Michael Mendenhall University of Kentucky David Merkler University of South Florida Gary Merrill Oregon State University Debra Moriarity University of Alabama, Huntsville Patricia Moroney Louisiana State University M. Kazem Mostafapour University of Michigan, Dearborn Duarte Mota de Freitas Loyola University of Chicago Stephen Munroe Marquette University Xiaping Pan East Carolina University Scott Pattison Ball State University Stefan Paula Northern Kentucky University David Pendergrass University of Kansas Reuben Peters Iowa State University Wendy Pogozelski State University of New York, Geneseo Geraldine Prody Western Washington University Greg Raner University of North Carolina, Greensboro Joshua Rausch Elmhurst College Tanea Reed Eastern Kentucky University Lori Robins California Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo Douglas Root University of North Texas Theresa Salerno Minnesota State University, Mankato Scott Samuels University of Montana, Missoula Benjamin Sandler Oklahoma State University Joel Schildbach Johns Hopkins University Hua Shi State University of New York, University at Albany Kerry Smith Clemson University Robert Stach University of Michigan, Flint