CHAPTER TWO Alkanes TABLE 2.2 Classes of Compounds That Contain a Carbonyl Group Generalized Representative abbreviation example CHaCH Ethanal Ketone RCR CH3CCH3 2-Propanone Carboxylic acid CH3COH Ethanoic acid Carboxylic acid derivati Acyl halide ROX Ethanoyl chloride Acid anhydride RCOCR CH3 COCCH3 Ethanoic anhydride Ester CH3COCH2CH3 Ethyl ethanoate Amide CH3CNH Ethanamide The reactions of the carbonyl group feature prominently in organic synthesis-the branch of organic chemistry that plans and carries out the preparation of compounds of prescribed structure 2.4 INTRODUCTION TO ALKANES: METHANE, ETHANE, AND PROPANE Alkanes have the general molecular formula CnH2n+2. The simplest one, methane( CH4), "Methane and the bic is also the most abundant. Large amounts are present in our atmosphere, in the ground, sphere"that accompanies and in the oceans. Methane has been found on Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto, and even on Halleys Comet. Ethane(C2H: CH3 CH3) and propane(C3 Hg: CH3 CH, CH3) are second and third, respectively, to methane in many ways. Ethane is the alkane next to methane in struc- tural simplicity, followed by propane. Ethane (e 10%) is the second and propane(- 5%0) the third most abundant component of natural gas, which is s 75%o methane. The char acteristic odor of natural gas we use for heating our homes and cooking comes from Back Forward Main MenuToc Study Guide ToC Student o MHHE WebsiteThe reactions of the carbonyl group feature prominently in organic synthesis—the branch of organic chemistry that plans and carries out the preparation of compounds of prescribed structure. 2.4 INTRODUCTION TO ALKANES: METHANE, ETHANE, AND PROPANE Alkanes have the general molecular formula CnH2n2. The simplest one, methane (CH4), is also the most abundant. Large amounts are present in our atmosphere, in the ground, and in the oceans. Methane has been found on Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto, and even on Halley’s Comet. Ethane (C2H6: CH3CH3) and propane (C3H8: CH3CH2CH3) are second and third, respectively, to methane in many ways. Ethane is the alkane next to methane in struc￾tural simplicity, followed by propane. Ethane ( 10%) is the second and propane ( 5%) the third most abundant component of natural gas, which is 75% methane. The char￾acteristic odor of natural gas we use for heating our homes and cooking comes from OH O OH Prostaglandin E1 HO O 56 CHAPTER TWO Alkanes TABLE 2.2 Classes of Compounds That Contain a Carbonyl Group Class Aldehyde Ketone Carboxylic acid Carboxylic acid derivatives: Acyl halide Acid anhydride Ester Amide Ethanal 2-Propanone Ethanoic acid Ethanoyl chloride Ethanoic anhydride Ethyl ethanoate Ethanamide Name of example Generalized abbreviation RCH O X RCR O X RCOH O X RCX O X RCOCR O X O X RCOR O X RCNR2 O X Representative example CH3CH O X CH3CCH3 O X CH3COH O X CH3CCl O X CH3COCCH3 O X O X CH3COCH2CH3 O X CH3CNH2 O X See the boxed essay: “Methane and the Bio￾sphere” that accompanies this section. Back Forward Main Menu TOC Study Guide TOC Student OLC MHHE Website