3/13/2016 Model: Stabilization of proteins by solutes is accomplished by compatible-solute 1-indirect by perturbation of uptake and DpuA Opuc 1 the solvent synthesis in 2-direct by protein-solute Bacillus subtilis. interactions proline Prol ProH GbsA ProA partitioning of water araund a glutamate protein into three hydration layers Foodborne Outbreaks water Incidence of Staphylococcal Food Poisoning Not usually reported,1-5%of cases are Recovery is within 24-48h rying with National surveillance occurs Not a reportable disease 14%of the total foodborne outbreaks in US ~25 outbreaks annually Gel Phase >3/13/2016 7 Model: compatible-solute uptake and synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. Stabilization of proteins by solutes is accomplished by 1-indirect by perturbation of the solvent 2-direct by protein-solute interactions partitioning of water around a protein into three hydration layers Roche C J et al. J. Biol. Chem. 2006;281:38757-38768 Foodborne Outbreaks Incidence of Staphylococcal Food Poisoning • Not usually p re orted, 1-5% of cases are • Recovery is within 24-48h • National surveillance occurs • Not a reportable disease • 14% of the total foodborne outbreaks in US • ~25 outbreaks annually