P.L. Smedley, D.G. Kinniburgh/ Applied Geochemistry 17(2002)517-568 Table I Water body and location n average Rhone Estuary, France 2.2(1.1-3.8) Seyler and Martin(1990) Krka Estuary. Yugoslavia 0.13-1.8 Seyler and Martin(1991) to 16 er and Martin(1990) Howard et al.(1988) stuary, Belgium 1.8-4.9 Andreae and Andreae(1989) Deep Pacific and Atlantic 10-1.8 allen and Reimer (1989) Coastal Malaysia 1.0(0.7-1.8) Y usof et al. (1994) Coastal Spain 1.5(0.5-3.7) Navarro et al. (1993) 1.3(1.1-1.6) Maher (1985) Baseline uK Edmunds et al. (1989) Assinc proentne gg: icengalthe 10-5000 Das et al. (1995): BGS and DPHE(2001) Nicolli et al.(1989): Smedley et al. (2001a): Del Razo et al. (1990); Luo et al. (1997) su et al. (1997); Va Williams et al. (1996) Geothermal water aur and Onishi(1969): White et al, ( 1963). Ellis and Mahon(1977) Arsenical herbicide plant, Texas er(1997ab) Various USA <1-34,000 Plumlee et al. (1999) Iron mountain upto850.000 Nordstrom and Alpers(1999) Ural mountains Gelova(1977) Baseline, Swedish Estuary Widerlund and Ingri(1995) Baseline, clays, Saskatchewan, 3.2-99 Yan et al. (2000) Canada Baseline. Amazon shelf sediments up to 300 Sullivan and Aller (1996 Mining.contam'd. British Columbia 50-360 Tailings impoundment, Ontario. McCreadie et al. (2000) Canada Oilfield and related brine Ellis Pool. Alberta. 230 White et al. (1963) Searles lake brine. california upto243.000 White et al.( 1963) with industrial sources of As, atmospheric precipitation also found low average concentrations of about 0.25 Hg contributes little As to surface and groundwater bodies I-I in rivers draining basement rocks in Norway,the lowest being in catchments on Precambrian rocks 2. 2.2. River water Waslenchuk(1979) found concentrations in river waters Baseline concentrations of As in river waters are also from the south-eastern USA in the range 0.15-0.45 ug low(in the region of 0.1-0.8 ug I-I but can range up to I-I( Table 1) ca2 Hg 1-l; Table 1). They vary according to the com Relatively high concentrations of naturally-occurring position of the surface recharge, the contribution from As can occur in some areas as a result of inputs from baseflow and the bedrock lithology Concentrations at geothermal sources or high-As groundwaters. Arsenic he low end of the range have been found in rivers concentrations in river waters from geothermal areas draining As-poor bedrocks. Seyler and Martin(1991) have been reported typically at around 10-70 ug I-I found average river concentrations as low as 0.13 ug l-I (e. g. western USA and New Zealand: McLaren and in the Krka region of Y ugoslavia where the bedrock is Kim, 1995; Robinson et al, 1995: Nimick et al., 1998; As-poor karstic limestone (Table 1). Lenvik et al. (1978) Table 1), although higher concentrations have beenwith industrial sources of As, atmospheric precipitation contributes little As to surface and groundwater bodies. 2.2.2. River water Baseline concentrations of As in river waters are also low (in the region of 0.1–0.8 mg l
1 but can range up to ca. 2 mg l
1 ; Table 1). They vary according to the com￾position of the surface recharge, the contribution from baseflow and the bedrock lithology. Concentrations at the low end of the range have been found in rivers draining As-poor bedrocks. Seyler and Martin (1991) found average river concentrations as low as 0.13 mg l
1 in the Krka region of Yugoslavia where the bedrock is As-poor karstic limestone (Table 1). Lenvik et al. (1978) also found low average concentrations of about 0.25 mg l
1 in rivers draining basement rocks in Norway, the lowest being in catchments on Precambrian rocks. Waslenchuk (1979) found concentrations in river waters from the south-eastern USA in the range 0.15–0.45 mg l
1 (Table 1). Relatively high concentrations of naturally-occurring As can occur in some areas as a result of inputs from geothermal sources or high-As groundwaters. Arsenic concentrations in river waters from geothermal areas have been reported typically at around 10–70 mg l
1 (e.g. western USA and New Zealand; McLaren and Kim, 1995; Robinson et al., 1995; Nimick et al., 1998; Table 1), although higher concentrations have been Table 1(continued) Water body and location As concentration average or range (mg l
1 ) Reference Rhoˆne Estuary, France 2.2 (1.1–3.8) Seyler and Martin (1990) Krka Estuary, Yugoslavia 0.13–1.8 Seyler and Martin (1991) Mining and industry influenced Loire Estuary, France Tamar Estuary, UK Schelde Estuary, Belgium up to 16 2.7–8.8 1.8–4.9 Seyler and Martin (1990) Howard et al. (1988) Andreae and Andreae (1989) Seawater Deep Pacific and Atlantic Coastal Malaysia Coastal Spain Coastal Australia 1.0–1.8 1.0 (0.7–1.8) 1.5 (0.5–3.7) 1.3 (1.1–1.6) Cullen and Reimer (1989) Yusof et al. (1994) Navarro et al. (1993) Maher (1985) Groundwater Baseline UK <0.5–10 Edmunds et al. (1989) As-rich provinces (e.g. Bengal Basin, Argentina, Mexico, northern China, Taiwan, Hungary) 10–5000 Das et al. (1995); BGS and DPHE (2001); Nicolli et al. (1989); Smedley et al. (2001a); Del Razo et al. (1990); Luo et al. (1997); Hsu et al. (1997); Varsa´nyi et al. (1991) Mining-contaminated groundwaters 50–10,000 Wilson and Hawkins (1978);Welch et al. (1988); Williams et al. (1996) Geothermal water <10–50,000 Baur and Onishi (1969); White et al., (1963), Ellis and Mahon (1977) Arsenical herbicide plant, Texas 408,000 Kuhlmeier (1997a,b) Mine drainage Various, USA <1–34,000 Plumlee et al. (1999) Iron Mountain up to 850,000 Nordstrom and Alpers (1999) Ural Mountains 400,000 Gelova (1977) Sediment porewater Baseline, Swedish Estuary 1.3–166 Widerlund and Ingri (1995) Baseline, clays, Saskatchewan, Canada 3.2–99 Yan et al. (2000) Baseline, Amazon shelf sediments up to 300 Sullivan and Aller (1996) Mining-contam’d, British Columbia 50–360 Azcue et al. (1994) Tailings impoundment, Ontario, Canada 300–100,000 McCreadie et al. (2000) Oilfield and related brine Ellis Pool, Alberta, Canada 230 White et al. (1963) Searles Lake brine, California up to 243,000 White et al. (1963) P.L. Smedley, D.G. Kinniburgh / Applied Geochemistry 17 (2002) 517–568 523