XI Biomedical Systems 113 Bioelectric olk Application of Electrical and Magnetic Fields in Bone and Soft Tissue Repair 114 Biomedical Sensors M.R. Neuman Physical Sensors.Chemical Sensors. Bioanalytical Sensors. Applications. Summar 115 Bioelectronics and Instruments J.D. Bronzino, E. Berbari, P.L. Johnson, W.M. Smith The Electroencephalogram. The Electrocardiograph. Pacemakers/Implantable Defibrillators 116 Medical Imaging M.D. Fox, L.A. Frizzell, L.A. Franks, L.S. Darken, R.B. James Tomography. Ultrasound. Semiconductor Detectors for Radiation 17 Biocomputing L. Kun, M.F. Baretich Clinical Information Systems. Hospital Information Systems 118 Computer Design for Biomedical Applications R Luebbers 119 Rehabilitation Engineering, Science, and Technology C.J. Robinson Joseph d. bronzino Trinity College T ECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION in the twentieth century has progressed at such an accelerated pace that it has permeated almost every facet of our lives. This is especially true in the field of medicine and the delivery of health care services. Although the art of medicine has a long history, the evolution of a health care system capable of providing a wide range of positive therapeutic treatments in the prevention and cure of illnesses is a decidedly new phenomenon. Of particular importance in this evolutionary process has been the establishment of the modern hospital as the center of a technologically sophisticated health care system In the process, the discipline of biomedical engineering has emerged as an integrating medium for two dynamic professions, medicine and engineering, assisting in the struggle against illness and diseases by providing materials, tools, and techniques(such as signal and image processing and artificial intelligence)that can be utilized for research, diagnosis, and treatment by health care professionals Today, biomedical engineering is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering heavily based both in engineering and in the life sciences. It ranges from theoretical, nonexperimental undertakings to state-of-the-art applica tions. It can encompass research, development, implementation, and operation. Accordingly, like medical ctice itself, it is unlikely that any single person can acquire expertise that encompasses the entire field. As a result, there are now a great number of biomedical engineering specialists to cover this broad spectrum of activity. Yet because of the interdisciplinary nature of this activity, there is considerable interplay and overlapping c 2000 by CRC Press LLC© 2000 by CRC Press LLC XI Biomedical Systems 113 Bioelectricity J.P. Reilly, L.A. Geddes, C. Polk Neuroelectric Principles • Bioelectric Events • Application of Electrical and Magnetic Fields in Bone and Soft Tissue Repair 114 Biomedical Sensors M.R. Neuman Physical Sensors • Chemical Sensors • Bioanalytical Sensors • Applications • Summary 115 Bioelectronics and Instruments J.D. Bronzino, E.J. Berbari, P.L. Johnson, W.M. Smith The Electroencephalogram • The Electrocardiograph • Pacemakers/Implantable Defibrillators 116 Medical Imaging M.D. Fox, L.A. Frizzell, L.A. Franks, L.S. Darken, R.B. James Tomography • Ultrasound • Semiconductor Detectors for Radiation Measurements 117 Biocomputing L. Kun, M.F. Baretich Clinical Information Systems • Hospital Information Systems 118 Computer Design for Biomedical Applications R. Luebbers 119 Rehabilitation Engineering, Science, and Technology C.J. Robinson Joseph D. Bronzino Trinity College ECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION in the twentieth century has progressed at such an accelerated pace that it has permeated almost every facet of our lives. This is especially true in the field of medicine and the delivery of health care services. Although the art of medicine has a long history, the evolution of a health care system capable of providing a wide range of positive therapeutic treatments in the prevention and cure of illnesses is a decidedly new phenomenon. Of particular importance in this evolutionary process has been the establishment of the modern hospital as the center of a technologically sophisticated health care system. In the process, the discipline of biomedical engineering has emerged as an integrating medium for two dynamic professions, medicine and engineering, assisting in the struggle against illness and diseases by providing materials, tools, and techniques (such as signal and image processing and artificial intelligence) that can be utilized for research, diagnosis, and treatment by health care professionals. Today, biomedical engineering is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering heavily based both in engineering and in the life sciences. It ranges from theoretical, nonexperimental undertakings to state-of-the-art applica￾tions. It can encompass research, development, implementation, and operation. Accordingly, like medical practice itself, it is unlikely that any single person can acquire expertise that encompasses the entire field. As a result, there are now a great number of biomedical engineering specialists to cover this broad spectrum of activity. Yet because of the interdisciplinary nature of this activity, there is considerable interplay and overlapping T