2.3.3雌雄素、孕激素:妊娠3个月后胎盘大量分泌雌激素、孕激素,代替黄体功能,共同 维持妊娠的顺利进行。胎盘本身不能独立产生甾体激素,它完全依赖从胎儿或母体得到甾体 激素的前身物质,再加工制造成雌激素与孕激素。胎盘产生的雌激素主要是雌三醇。 思考题 1、简述雄激素的生理作用 2、卵巢分泌哪些激素?简述其各自的作用 3、胎盘有何功能? 4、试述睾丸功能的调节 6、试述在月经周期中,下丘脑、腺垂体、卵巢、子宫的相互关系。 7、设计安全避孕的方法并解释原理。 案例:某女,32岁,已婚。因产后乏力、毛发脱落伴停经1年,精神萎靡2天,神志不清 3小时,诊断为席汉病致垂体前叶机能减退症入院。 1、机能减退可能出现哪些临床表现? 2、试述垂体前叶与下丘脑和靶腺之间的关系 参考文献 1. William F Ganong. Review of Medical Physiology(20th), United States of American, McGram-Hll(美国),2001 2, Eppig JJ. Mechanism controlling mammalian oocyte maturation, Research in Repo. 18(1), 1-2, Jan,1986 3. Lalwanis S, Reindollar RH, Davis A Normal onset of puberty have definitions of onset changed? Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2003 Jun; 30(2): 279-86 Review. 4, Kaaks R, Lukanova. Interrelationships between plasma testosterone, SHBG, IGF-I, insulin and leptin in prostate cancer cases and controls. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2003 Aug; 12(4): 309-15 5. Bodis J, Koppan M. Issues to debate on the Women,'s Health Initiative: Estrogen: an instrument or the conductor of the orchestra? Hum Reprod. 2003 Aug: 18( 8): 1561-3 6、姚泰主编,生理学(5版),人卫出版社,2000 7、姚泰主编,人体生理学(3版),人卫出版社,2001 Summary This chapter focuses on the male and female reproductive systems and the control echanisms which regulate their functions. The purpose of reproduction is to produce offspring The physiological processes of reproduction include fertilization, pregnancy and delivery. Reproduction is modulated by the neuroendocrine system, in which hypothalamus-adenohypophysis-gonadal axis plays a very important role The testes must descend out of the abdomen to function properly. Spermatozoa are produced by mitosis, followed by meiosis, and then followed by spermatogenesis. The main hormones of spermatogenesis are testosterone, FSH and Lh The first half of ovarian cycle involves follicular developmen estrogen-dominated and is separated by a short ovulatory phase from the progesterone-dominated second half, which prepares the uterus for implantation. All of a womans primary oocytes(22.3.3 雌雄素、孕激素：妊娠 3 个月后胎盘大量分泌雌激素、孕激素，代替黄体功能,共同 维持妊娠的顺利进行。胎盘本身不能独立产生甾体激素，它完全依赖从胎儿或母体得到甾体 激素的前身物质，再加工制造成雌激素与孕激素。胎盘产生的雌激素主要是雌三醇。 思考题 1、简述雄激素的生理作用。 2、卵巢分泌哪些激素？简述其各自的作用。 3、胎盘有何功能？ 4、试述睾丸功能的调节。 6、试述在月经周期中，下丘脑、腺垂体、卵巢、子宫的相互关系。 7、设计安全避孕的方法并解释原理。 案例：某女，32 岁，已婚。因产后乏力、毛发脱落伴停经１年，精神萎靡２天，神志不清 ３小时，诊断为席汉病致垂体前叶机能减退症入院。 1、机能减退可能出现哪些临床表现？ 2、试述垂体前叶与下丘脑和靶腺之间的关系。 参考文献 1 、 William F.Ganong . Review of Medical Physiology(20th), United States of American,McGram-Hill（美国）,2001. 2、Eppig JJ. Mechanism controlling mammalian oocyte maturation ,Research in Repo. 18(1), 1-2, Jan, 1986. 3、Lalwanis S, Reindollar RH, Davis A.Normal onset of puberty have definitions of onset changed ? Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2003 Jun;30(2):279-86. Review. 4、Kaaks R, Lukanova . Interrelationships between plasma testosterone, SHBG, IGF-I, insulin and leptin in prostate cancer cases and controls.Eur J Cancer Prev. 2003 Aug;12(4):309-15. 5、Bodis J, Koppan M. Issues to debate on the Women's Health Initiative: Estrogen: an instrument or the conductor of the orchestra?Hum Reprod. 2003 Aug;18(8):1561-3. 6、姚泰主编，生理学（5 版），人卫出版社，2000 7、姚泰主编，人体生理学（3 版），人卫出版社，2001 Summary This chapter focuses on the male and female reproductive systems and the control mechanisms which regulate their functions. The purpose of reproduction is to produce offspring. The physiological processes of reproduction include fertilization, pregnancy and delivery. Reproduction is modulated by the neuroendocrine system, in which hypothalamus-adenohypophysis-gonadal axis plays a very important role. The testes must descend out of the abdomen to function properly. Spermatozoa are produced by mitosis, followed by meiosis, and then followed by spermatogenesis. The main hormones of spermatogenesis are testosterone, FSH and LH. The first half of the ovarian cycle involves follicular development, which is estrogen-dominated and is separated by a short ovulatory phase from the progesterone-dominated second half, which prepares the uterus for implantation. All of a woman's primary oocytes (2 4