www.nature.com/scientificreports Ghrelin (B) 350 4000 D SPF DSPFH 日GF Duration(weeks) Duration(weeks) GLP-1 (D GIP OSPF 80 口SPFH Duration( week Duration(weeks (F PYY aSPF 口SPF 1000 BGFH aGH Eotaxin 30000 25000 15000 10000 5000 Figure 2 Fasting levels of hormones related to energy homeostasis and eotaxin-1. (A)GF and GFH mice had significantly higher ghrelin level by 16 weeks into the experiment than SPF and SPFH mice(p <0.01).(B)GF mice had significantly lower leptin level than SPF mice(p <0.05).Both 8-and 16 eeks SPFH mice had significantly increased leptin production compared to SPF mice(p <0.01). (C) GLP-1 was significantly lower in SPF, SPFH and GFH mice in comparison to GF mice(p < 0.05)at 8-and 16-weeks post-colonization. (D) Increase of GIP in gF mice was not statistically significant ((p <0.05).(E)Fasting insulin level was significantly higher in 16-week SPF mice than in GF mice(p <0.01). SPFH mice showed increased insulin production compared to SPF mice(p <0.05).(F)PYY level was significantly suppressed in SPF mice by 8 weeks and onwards into the experiment <0. 01)but were significantly higher in SPFH and GFH mice compared to SPF(p <0.05)and GF (p<0.01)mice. Fasting PYY level was highest among GFH mice followed by those of GF mice.(G)The level of chemokine, eotaxin-1, was found to be highest in SPFH mice(p < 0.01)at 16 weeks post colonization(Figure 2G) SCIENTIFIC REPORTS I 5: 8731 I DO1: 10.1038/ srep08731Figure 2 | Fasting levels of hormones related to energy homeostasis and eotaxin-1. (A) GF and GFH mice had significantly higher ghrelin level by 16 weeks into the experiment than SPF and SPFH mice (p , 0.01). (B) GF mice had significantly lower leptin level than SPF mice (p , 0.05). Both 8- and 16- weeks SPFH mice had significantly increased leptin production compared to SPF mice (p , 0.01). (C) GLP-1 was significantly lower in SPF, SPFH and GFH mice in comparison to GF mice (p , 0.05) at 8- and 16-weeks post-colonization. (D) Increase of GIP in GF mice was not statistically significant ((p , 0.05). (E) Fasting insulin level was significantly higher in 16-week SPF mice than in GF mice (p , 0.01). SPFH mice showed increased insulin production compared to SPF mice (p , 0.05). (F) PYY level was significantly suppressed in SPF mice by 8 weeks and onwards into the experiment (p , 0.01) but were significantly higher in SPFH and GFH mice compared to SPF (p , 0.05) and GF (p , 0.01) mice. Fasting PYY level was highest among GFH mice followed by those of GF mice. (G) The level of chemokine, eotaxin-1, was found to be highest in SPFH mice (p , 0.01) at 16 weeks post￾colonization (Figure 2G). www.nature.com/scientificreports SCIENTIFIC REPORTS | 5 : 8731 | DOI: 10.1038/srep08731 3