Echocardiogram M mode, 2D echo and Dopler technique for systolic and diastolic function of Lv LVDd and LVDs (Dd and Ds) LV fraction of shortening (△D%=(Dd-Ds)/Dd×100%) mVCF=(Dd -Ds)/Dd X LVET SV LVEF17 Echocardiogram • M mode, 2D echo and Dopler technique for systolic and diastolic function of LV –LVDd and LVDs（Dd and Ds） –LV fraction of shortening （△D％ ＝（Dd - Ds ）／Dd × 100％） –mVCF ＝（Dd - Ds）／Dd × LVET –SV –LVEF