117 Biocomputing 117.1 Clinical Information Systems Luis Ki and the Cis Integration.Smart/Optical Cards Matthew e. Baretich 117.2 Hospital Information Systems niversity of Colorado The Clinical Environment Healthcare Codes and Standards 117.1 Clinical Information Systems Luis Kun The main objective of this section is to provide the reader with a summary of areas that relate to clinical information systems. Since this field is so wide, the following topics will be covered mainly because of their importance within the field of medical informatics and the impact that these areas will have in healthcare delivery in the near future. At the end of this section there is a list of definitions that should help the reader not used to related acronyms and a list of suggested bibliographic references which should allow those interested to further increase their knowledge Computer-Based Record Besides improvements in patient care, enhancing the productivity of physicians, nurses, and all healthcare related personnel is very high on the agenda of all hospitals Hospitals, clinics, HMOs, doctors offices, emer- gency care centers, group practices, laboratories, radiology clinics, and nursing homes among others have a need to share patients' records. Aside from the direction that all of these medical-related centers will have with a required connection to the insurance companies/agencies to speed up payments and their accuracy, the growing need is to have the ability to transfer patients'medical files electronically anywhere in the world. As medical centers become more competitive, they will become worldwide centers of excellence for their given cialties. In turn then, their services will be marketed to the entire world population, becoming true global resources The trend of converting hospitals into"paperless hospitals"is becoming one of the most important topics of the 1990s. In 1970, chartered by the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine working under the Policy Matters for Public Health has actively pursued the creation of a computer-based record( CBr). In July of 1991 a book was published by the Institute of Medicine in regards to the CBr. The requirements to ompile an all-digital medical record(ADMR)will require ways to combine data, graphics, voice, signals, and images, both clinical and document. The architecture that will accommodate all these forms of information for capturing, storing, communicating, and displaying is extremely complex. Some of the technologies involved include optical fibers, LANS, compact/optical disks, bedside terminals, medical image display stations, image diagnostic workstations, and picture archival and communications systems to name a few The High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative(HPCCI)was signed into law in Decem- ber of 1991. Although most of the emphasis for this initiative was from a research and academic sense, some c 2000 by CRC Press LLC© 2000 by CRC Press LLC 117 Biocomputing 117.1 Clinical Information Systems Computer-Based Record • Clinical Information Standards • Bedside Terminals/Point-of-Care Systems • Imaging and the CIS • Systems Integration • Smart/Optical Cards 117.2 Hospital Information Systems The Clinical Environment • Healthcare Codes and Standards 117.1 Clinical Information Systems Luis Kun The main objective of this section is to provide the reader with a summary of areas that relate to clinical information systems. Since this field is so wide, the following topics will be covered mainly because of their importance within the field of medical informatics and the impact that these areas will have in healthcare delivery in the near future. At the end of this section there is a list of definitions that should help the reader not used to related acronyms and a list of suggested bibliographic references which should allow those interested to further increase their knowledge. Computer-Based Record Besides improvements in patient care, enhancing the productivity of physicians, nurses, and all healthcare￾related personnel is very high on the agenda of all hospitals. Hospitals, clinics, HMOs, doctors’ offices, emer￾gency care centers, group practices, laboratories, radiology clinics, and nursing homes among others have a need to share patients’ records. Aside from the direction that all of these medical-related centers will have with a required connection to the insurance companies/agencies to speed up payments and their accuracy, the growing need is to have the ability to transfer patients’ medical files electronically anywhere in the world. As medical centers become more competitive, they will become worldwide centers of excellence for their given specialties. In turn then, their services will be marketed to the entire world population, becoming true global resources. The trend of converting hospitals into “paperless hospitals” is becoming one of the most important topics of the 1990s. In 1970, chartered by the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine working under the Policy Matters for Public Health has actively pursued the creation of a computer-based record (CBR). In July of 1991 a book was published by the Institute of Medicine in regards to the CBR. The requirements to compile an all-digital medical record (ADMR)will require ways to combine data, graphics, voice, signals, and images, both clinical and document. The architecture that will accommodate all these forms of information for capturing, storing, communicating, and displaying is extremely complex. Some of the technologies involved include optical fibers, LANs, compact/optical disks, bedside terminals, medical image display stations, image diagnostic workstations, and picture archival and communications systems to name a few. The High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative (HPCCI) was signed into law in Decem￾ber of 1991. Although most of the emphasis for this initiative was from a research and academic sense, some Luis Kun Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Matthew F. Baretich University of Colorado