Pesticide Analytical Manual Vol. I INTRODUCTION PESTICIDE ANALYTICAL MANUAL INTRODUCTION The Food and Drug Administration(FDA) is responsible under the Federal Food Drug, and Cosmetic Act for enforcing tolerances established by the environmental Protection Agency(EPA) for amounts of pesticide residues that may legally re- main on food(including animal feed). In meeting this responsibility, FDA collects and analyzes food from commercial channels of trade for determining compliance with EPA tolerances. The residue data gathered under this regulatory monitoring program are also used for evaluating the extent and significance of pesticide residues in the food supply The Pesticide Analytical Manual(PAM) is published by FDA as a repository of the analytical methods used in FDA laboratories to examine food for pesticide resi- dues for regulatory purposes. The manual is organized according to the scope of the analytical methods Volume i contains multiresidue methods (MRMs) that are used by FDa on a routine basis, because of their efficiency and broad applicability especially for analyzing foods of unknown pesticide treatment his- Volume ii contains methods designed for the analysis of commodities for resi- dues of only a single compound (although some methods are ca- pable of determining several related compounds). These methods are most often used when the likely residue is known to the chemist and/or when the residue of interest cannot be determined by com- mon mrms PAM is designed to be used by analysts experienced in trace residue analysis. All of the techniques employed are subject to potential interferences from reagents apparatus, containers, contaminated air supply, and handling by personnel. The experienced analyst is alert for these possibilities and recognizes the need to con- firm results by other techniques that measure different chemical or physical prop erties of the analyte Expe particular application by a trial of the method that includes examination of re- editors invite analysts to report results of their experiences with PAM methode agent and sample blanks and measurement of the recovery of added analyte. the Revisions Starting with transmittal 96-1(9/96), revisions of PAM I have been issued in two ways (1) changes in most manual sections will be distributed as hard(paper)copies, with symbols or marking lines that have been changed, and(2)updates to the tables 140CFR180.101(c) Form FDA 2905a(6/92)Transmittal No. 98-1 (10/97) Form FDA 2905a (6/92) v Pesticide Analytical Manual Vol. I PESTICIDE ANALYTICAL MANUAL INTRODUCTION The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act for enforcing tolerances established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for amounts of pesticide residues that may legally re￾main on food (including animal feed). In meeting this responsibility, FDA collects and analyzes food from commercial channels of trade for determining compliance with EPA tolerances. The residue data gathered under this regulatory monitoring program are also used for evaluating the extent and significance of pesticide residues in the food supply. The Pesticide Analytical Manual (PAM) is published by FDA as a repository of the analytical methods used in FDA laboratories to examine food for pesticide resi￾dues for regulatory purposes.1 The manual is organized according to the scope of the analytical methods: Volume␣ I contains multiresidue methods (MRMs) that are used by FDA on a routine basis, because of their efficiency and broad applicability, especially for analyzing foods of unknown pesticide treatment his￾tory. Volume II contains methods designed for the analysis of commodities for resi￾dues of only a single compound (although some methods are ca￾pable of determining several related compounds). These methods are most often used when the likely residue is known to the chemist and/or when the residue of interest cannot be determined by com￾mon MRMs. PAM is designed to be used by analysts experienced in trace residue analysis. All of the techniques employed are subject to potential interferences from reagents, apparatus, containers, contaminated air supply, and handling by personnel. The experienced analyst is alert for these possibilities and recognizes the need to con￾firm results by other techniques that measure different chemical or physical prop￾erties of the analyte. Experienced residue analysts are aware that no report of validation in another laboratory can substitute for verification that the method does indeed work in the analyst’s own laboratory. The analyst should verify method performance in each particular application by a trial of the method that includes examination of re￾agent and sample blanks and measurement of the recovery of added analyte. The editors invite analysts to report results of their experiences with PAM methods. Revisions Starting with transmittal 96-1 (9/96), revisions of PAM I have been issued in two ways: (1) changes in most manual sections will be distributed as hard (paper) copies, with symbols or marking lines that have been changed, and (2) updates to the tables 1 40 CFR 180.101 (c) INTRODUCTION