DOE:10.1038/NMAT2858 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION showing vibrational modes of hydroxyl (possible COOH and H2O)(C-OH,3000-3750 cm). ketone and/or carboxyl (C=O,COOH ~1700-1900 cm),sp2-hybridized C=C (in-plane stretching,~1550-1650 cm),epoxide (C-O-C,~1350 cm and 800-900 cm)and some overlapped regions such as a-region (lactol,peroxide,dioxolane,hydroxyl,C=O contribution, carboxyl and epoxide,900-1100 cm),B-region (C=O contribution,peroxide,ether,lactol, anhydride and epoxide,1100-1280 cm),and y-region (ether,epoxide and C=O contribution, 1280-1500 cm).Variations upon exposure to hydrazine monohydrate under reflux at 100C are indicated after(b)36-hour treatment and(b)2-day treatment.A new peak appears at 800 cm after 36-hour treatment disappearing after 2-day treatment.Vibrational modes of C-N(1000- 1400 cm)and N-N(~1040 cm)become visible NATURE MATERIALS www.nature.com/naturematerialsnature materials | www.nature.com/naturematerials 9 doi: 10.1038/nmat2858 supplementary information 9 showing vibrational modes of hydroxyl (possible COOH and H2O) (C-OH, 3000-3750 cm-1), ketone and/or carboxyl (C=O, COOH ~1700-1900 cm-1), sp2 -hybridized C=C (in-plane stretching, ~1550-1650 cm-1), epoxide (C-O-C, ~1350 cm-1 and 800-900 cm-1) and some overlapped regions such as α-region (lactol, peroxide, dioxolane, hydroxyl, C=O contribution, carboxyl and epoxide, 900-1100 cm-1), β-region (C=O contribution, peroxide, ether, lactol, anhydride and epoxide, 1100-1280 cm-1), and γ-region (ether, epoxide and C=O contribution, 1280-1500 cm-1). Variations upon exposure to hydrazine monohydrate under reflux at 100°C are indicated after (b) 36-hour treatment and (b) 2-day treatment. A new peak appears at 800 cm-1 after 36-hour treatment disappearing after 2-day treatment. Vibrational modes of C-N (1000- 1400 cm-1) and N-N (~1040 cm-1) become visible