M. F. Amateau, B. Stutzman, J C. Conway, J. Halloran performed in this work provide a reasonable indi cation of the effect of laminate tailoring The design concept is to avoid large differences in residual stress between layers while still provid ing reasonable compressive stresses in the outer layer (i.e. the rake fac large number of different layer composite demonstrated in the design Dx-14. The residual stress criteria, however, may be in confict with the need to minimize wear and erosion resistance hence, some designs that contained tensile stresses in their outer layer were evaluated (e.g. GX-06 and GX-08) The results of this study showed that both com- position and residual stress patterns affected the ig. 5. Wear surface of laminated TiCp-alumina cutting tool cutting tool performance. The SiCw-alumina cut GX-20) ng tool compositio to nose wear than TiCp-alumina compositions for cutting nickel based superalloy 718. The conven tional SiCw-alumina composition, however, is not as resistant to notch wear as the TiNp- Si3N4 tool materials. Low notch wear was however retained for the laminated version of the sicw-alumina cutting tool. The lamination process which produces surface compressive stresses results in ceramic cutting tool materials with improved wear performance compared to laminated designs which produce surface tensile stresses. The laminated design with surface compositions similar to the howed supers compared to the conventional tool material design REFERENCES Fig. 6. Wear surface of laminated SiCw-alumina cutting tool (DX-13) 1. beCheR, P, f. WEl G. c Sic-whisker-reinforced alumina Toughening raisin ite obvio this figure. However, there 2. WEL,G. C.& BECHER, P. F,, Development of Sic- whisker reinforced ceramics. Amer. Ceram. Soc. BulL. 64 appears to be cracking in the bottom of the crater (2)(1985)298-304 wear scar on the rake face These cracks are con 3. BECHER, P. F, HSUEH, C. H. anGelini, P. fined to the surface layer and are terminated before TIEGS, T.N., Theoretical and experimental analysis of the toughening behavior of whisker reinforcemen they reach the region of residual tensile tress ceramic matrix compo Mater. Sci. Eng, 107(1989) 257-59 7 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS RICE, R. W, Toughening in ceramic l1(7-8) The objective of these experiments was to deter- 5. AMATEAU, M. F, Propertie mine if thermoelastic and wear properties could be Conf. Proc., ed. D. J. Viechnicki. Materials Tecl optimized by laminate design to improve cutting Laboratory, Watertown, MA, October 1990, pp tool performance. The tool wear in actual cutting 6. AMATEAU, M. F.& MESSIl operations plex phenomenon, whi Ceramic. In International Encyclopedia of Composites, among other things, depends upon the homogeneity vol3, ed S M. Lee vCH, New York, 1990, pp 11-16 7. KASUMURA, Y, FUKATSU, t.& KOBAYASHI of the metal being cut and the distribution of flaws A, Effects of TiC content and grain size on cutting in the cutting tool. For these reasons, standard formance of AlOx-TiC ceramic tools. Trib. Trans., 36 cutting tool tests normally produce large amounts 8. HALPIN.J. C. KARDoS.J. L. The Halpin-tsai of scatter. Nevertheless, the results of the tests equations: A Review. Polymer Eng. Sci, 16(1976)344-52322 Fig. 5. Wear surface of laminated TiCpalumina cutting tool (GX-20). M. F. Amateau, B. Stutzman, J. C. Conway, J. Halloran performed in this work provide a reasonable indi￾cation of the effect of laminate tailoring. The design concept is to avoid large differences in residual stress between layers while still provid￾ing reasonable compressive stresses in the outer layer (i.e. the rake face surface). This may require a large number of different layer compositions as demonstrated in the design DX-14. The residual stress criteria, however, may be in conflict with the need to minimize wear and erosion resistance; hence, some designs that contained tensile stresses in their outer layer were evaluated (e.g. GX-06 and GX-08). The results of this study showed that both com￾position and residual stress patterns affected the cutting tool performance. The SiCw-alumina cut￾ting tool compositions exhibited greater resistance to nose wear than TiCp-alumina compositions for cutting nickel based superalloy 718. The conven￾tional SiCw-alumina composition, however, is not as resistant to notch wear as the TiNp-S&N, tool materials. Low notch wear was, however, retained for the laminated version of the SiCw-alumina cutting tool. The lamination process which produces surface compressive stresses results in ceramic cutting tool materials with improved wear performance compared to laminated designs which produce surface tensile stresses. The laminated design with surface compositions similar to the composition showed superior wear performance compared to the conventional tool material design. REFERENCES Fig. 6. Wear surface of laminated SiCw-alumina cutting tool (DX-13). quite obvious in this figure. However, there appears to be cracking in the bottom of the crater wear scar on the rake face. These cracks are con￾fined to the surface layer and are terminated before they reach the region of residual tensile tress. 7 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The objective of these experiments was to deter￾mine if thermoelastic and wear properties could be optimized by laminate design to improve cutting tool performance. The tool wear in actual cutting operations is a complex phenomenon, which, among other things, depends upon the homogeneity of the metal being cut and the distribution of flaws in the cutting tool. For these reasons, standard cutting tool tests normally produce large amounts of scatter. Nevertheless, the results of the tests 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. BECHER, P. F. & WEI, G. C., Toughening behavior in Sic-whisker-reinforced alumina. J. Amer. Ceram. Sot., 67 (12) (1984) C276-C269. WEI, G. C. & BECHER, P. F., Development of SiC￾whisker reinforced ceramics. Amer. Ceram. Sot. Bull., 64 (2) (1985) 298-304. BECHER, P. F., HSUEH, C. H., ANGELINI, P. & TIEGS, T. N., Theoretical and experimental analysis of the toughening behavior of whisker reinforcement in ceramic matrix composites. Mater. Sci. Eng., 107 (1989) 257-59. RICE, R. W., Toughening in ceramic particulate and whisker composites. Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc., 11 (7-8) (1990) 667-94. AMATEAU, M. F., Properties of laminated ceramic composites. 37th Sagmore Army Materials Research Conf Proc., ed. D. J. Viechnicki. Materials Technology Laboratory, Watertown, MA, October 1990, pp. 317-38. AMATEAU, M. F. & MESSING, G. L., Laminates, Ceramic. In International Encyclopedia of Composites, Vol. 3., ed. S. M. Lee. VCH, New York, 1990, pp. 11-16. KASUMURA, Y., FUKATSU, T. & KOBAYASHI, M., Effects of TIC content and grain size on cutting per￾formance of Al,O,-TiC ceramic tools. Trib. Trans., 36 (1) (1993) 43-8. HALPIN, J. C. & KARDOS, J. L., The Halpin-Tsai equations: A Review. Polymer Eng. Sci., 16 (1976) 344-52