与社会生活中人们公平合理的观念是一致的。队列的先进先出(FIFO)协议在计算中有很 多应用。例如,等待访问磁盘驱动器的多个输入/输出请求就可以是一个队列。在计算机中 等待运行的计算作业也同样是一个队列。 Text 2 Operating Systems The most important program on any computer is the Operating System or OS. The Os is a large program made up of many smaller programs. It control how the CPU communicates with other hardware components. It also makes computers easier to operate by people who don't understand programming languages. In other words, operating systems make computer users ROM and RAM are very important to the OS. Part of a computer's operating system is built into ROM. The ROM operating system is also known as the BlOs(Basic Input Output System) The BlOS is responsible for waking up the computer when you turn it on. It also reminds the computer of all the parts it has and what they do The operating system also contains other programs that are important. This part of the operating system is stored on a computer's hard drive. When the computer is turned on, it booted to raM. This part of the operating system is known as dOs (2) Types of Operating Systems There are different operating systems available for PCs, but the most common is Windows Windows was developed by a company named Microsoft. It uses a mouse and a gUl( Graphica User Interface)to help the user operate the computer There are several versions of Windows (Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP).Operating systems are constantly being improved or upgraded as technology advances. Upgrading an operating system can have several advantages, such as simplifying tasks and navigation. Howeve there can be disadvantages, too. Many older programs would no longer run within the new operating system 参考译文 操作系统 (1)什么是操作系统 计算机中最重要的程序就是操作系统。操作系统是一个由很多小程序组成的大的程序 它控制CPU与硬件间的通信,方便不懂得编程语言的用户操作计算机。换句话说,操作系 统使用户更友好地操作计算机 RAM和ROM对操作系统来说非常重要。计算机操作系统中的一部分就建立在ROM上 这种ROM中的操作系统也叫BlOS。当你开机的时候BOS负责唤醒计算机并提醒它所有 的部分,而且告诉它们将做的工作。 操作系统还包括其他非常重要的程序。这部分操作系统是存储在计算机的硬盘上的,当 开机的时候,它被读到RAM中。这一部分的操作系统被称为DOS。 (2)操作系统的种类 现在有很多适合PC机的操作系统,但最常见的就是 Windows。它是由微软公司开发的 使用鼠标和图形用户界面来帮助用户操作计算机 目前有几种 Windows版本( Windows95/98ME∧NT/2000/XP)。随着技术的提高,操作与社会生活中人们公平合理的观念是一致的。队列的先进先出（FIFO）协议在计算中有很 多应用。例如，等待访问磁盘驱动器的多个输入／输出请求就可以是一个队列。在计算机中 等待运行的计算作业也同样是一个队列。 Text 2 Operating Systems (1) What is an Operating System The most important program on any computer is the Operating System or OS. The OS is a large program made up of many smaller programs. It control how the CPU communicates with other hardware components. It also makes computers easier to operate by people who don't understand programming languages. In other words, operating systems make computer users friendly. ROM and RAM are very important to the OS. Part of a computer's operating system is built into ROM. The ROM operating system is also known as the BIOS (Basic Input Output System). The BIOS is responsible for waking up the computer when you turn it on. It also reminds the computer of all the parts it has and what they do. The operating system also contains other programs that are important. This part of the operating system is stored on a computer's hard drive. When the computer is turned on, it is booted to RAM. This part of the operating system is known as DOS. (2) Types of Operating Systems There are different operating systems available for PCs, but the most common is Windows. Windows was developed by a company named Microsoft. It uses a mouse and a GUI (Graphical User Interface) to help the user operate the computer. There are several versions of Windows (Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP). Operating systems are constantly being improved or upgraded as technology advances. Upgrading an operating system can have several advantages, such as simplifying tasks and navigation. However, there can be disadvantages, too. Many older programs would no longer run within the new operating system. 参考译文 操作系统 (1) 什么是操作系统 计算机中最重要的程序就是操作系统。操作系统是一个由很多小程序组成的大的程序。 它控制 CPU 与硬件间的通信，方便不懂得编程语言的用户操作计算机。换句话说，操作系 统使用户更友好地操作计算机。 RAM和ROM对操作系统来说非常重要。计算机操作系统中的一部分就建立在ROM上， 这种 ROM 中的操作系统也叫 BIOS。当你开机的时候 BIOS 负责唤醒计算机并提醒它所有 的部分，而且告诉它们将做的工作。 操作系统还包括其他非常重要的程序。这部分操作系统是存储在计算机的硬盘上的，当 开机的时候，它被读到 RAM 中。这一部分的操作系统被称为 DOS。 (2) 操作系统的种类 现在有很多适合 PC 机的操作系统，但最常见的就是 Windows。它是由微软公司开发的， 使用鼠标和图形用户界面来帮助用户操作计算机。 目前有几种 Windows 版本（Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP）。随着技术的提高，操作