碰男华经海贸多大学 高级商务英语阅读 3.Many developing countries and some economies in transition improved their fiscal positions in the 1990s but deficits remain a problem,aggravated since 2001 by reduced government receipts and,in some cases,increased expenditures to offset the economic slowdown. However,there is broad dichotomy between developing countries with relatively sustainable macroeconomic positions and those with macroeconomic disequilibria and/or other,often external,constraints.China and most economies in East Asia have been able to use monetary and fiscal instruments in the appropriate counter-cyclical manner during the present period of slow growth.In contrast,most economies in Latin America and Africa have had to give priority to addressing their macroeconomic imbalances;this has usually required using their macroeconomic policy instruments in a restrictive,currently pro-cyclical manner,rather than as a means of offsetting the present sluggish conditions IV. Key to Exercises 1.Exercise ll 1)C2)F3)A4)B 5)D6)E 2.Exercise lll 1.但是，尽管有大量证据证明，当前贸易政策导致了贸易大量逆差和失业，布什政府还是在 向国会伸手要快速审批贸易谈判权，一旦获准，总统就可以将贸易协定递交表决，国会只 能接受或否定，不能修改。 2.为什么在世贸组织的“自由贸易”规则下，欧盟的出口可以退税，而美国的补贴出口的制度就 不可以，若要想给一个普通公民解释清楚恐怕不易。 3.许多发展中国家和一些经济转轨国家在20世纪90年代改善了其财政状况，但赤字仍然是 一个问题。因自2001年以来政府收入减少而在某些情形下增加开支以抵抗经济衰退，这一 问题变得恶化。然而，在具有相对可持续性宏观经济状况的发展中国家和那些宏观经济失 调和/或具有其他往往是外来的制约性问题的发展中国家之间存在着广泛的分歧。中国和大 第4页共5页高级商务英语阅读 3. Many developing countries and some economies in transition improved their fiscal positions in the 1990s but deficits remain a problem, aggravated since 2001 by reduced government receipts and, in some cases, increased expenditures to offset the economic slowdown. However, there is broad dichotomy between developing countries with relatively sustainable macroeconomic positions and those with macroeconomic disequilibria and/or other, often external, constraints. China and most economies in East Asia have been able to use monetary and fiscal instruments in the appropriate counter-cyclical manner during the present period of slow growth. In contrast, most economies in Latin America and Africa have had to give priority to addressing their macroeconomic imbalances; this has usually required using their macroeconomic policy instruments in a restrictive, currently pro-cyclical manner, rather than as a means of offsetting the present sluggish conditions. IV. Key to Exercises 1. Exercise II 1) C 2) F 3) A 4) B 5) D 6) E 2. Exercise III 1． 但是，尽管有大量证据证明，当前贸易政策导致了贸易大量逆差和失业，布什政府还是在 向国会伸手要快速审批贸易谈判权，一旦获准，总统就可以将贸易协定递交表决，国会只 能接受或否定，不能修改。 2． 为什么在世贸组织的“自由贸易”规则下，欧盟的出口可以退税，而美国的补贴出口的制度就 不可以，若要想给一个普通公民解释清楚恐怕不易。 3． 许多发展中国家和一些经济转轨国家在 20 世纪 90 年代改善了其财政状况，但赤字仍然是 一个问题。因自 2001 年以来政府收入减少而在某些情形下增加开支以抵抗经济衰退，这一 问题变得恶化。 然而，在具有相对可持续性宏观经济状况的发展中国家和那些宏观经济失 调和/或具有其他往往是外来的制约性问题的发展中国家之间存在着广泛的分歧。中国和大 第 4 页 共 5 页